第一次世界大战时期的俄国护国主义思潮

发布时间：2018-03-24 17:20

本文选题：护国主义　切入点：第一次世界大战　出处：《首都师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：护国主义作为一种政治思想,在20世纪初的俄国政坛具有重要地位。第一次世界大战时期,俄国的政治局势变化的速度之快超过了历史上任何一个时期,从战争开始到结束的短短四年间,历经了三个中央政权——沙皇政府、临时政府和布尔什维克政府,这三个政权的政治主张相差极大,但却都面临同样的问题：是否要坚持护国主义立场,继续把战争进行下去?围绕着“护国主义”这一问题的斗争,成为贯穿三个政权时期的政治生活的一条主线,对待护国主义的态度,决定着俄国每一派政治力量的命运。鉴于护国主义在20世纪头20年在俄国政坛发生的巨大影响,对护国主义进行研究,有助于我们对当时的俄国政治状况——政坛上各种政治力量的对比变化以及各派政党兴衰的内在原因,产生更清晰、深刻的认识。同时,深入发掘从护国主义到革命护国主义的演变过程,可以看到,传统社会主义思想中的国家理论和战争观是如何在不同立场的“社会主义者”(指当时俄国的两个社会主义政党以及由这两个党衍生出的许多政治派别)们那里根据各自的现实需要,不断修正、完善甚至完全重写的。本文分为五部分,绪论中对护国主义这一概念进行了界定,着重分析了护国主义产生的原因,其中包括俄国的民族主义和专制主义的传统、资本主义的发展、沙皇政权的现实需要等。正文的三个章节按照时间顺序,将护国主义由兴带衰的过程与大战进程结合起来叙述：第一章的行文以1914年的“神圣一致”事件为核心,同时兼顾战争第一年关于护国主义的论战；第二章介绍护国主义思潮在1915-1916年的演变；第三章着重梳理了1917年革命护国主义与革命失败主义之争的前后过程。结论则从俄国护国主义盛衰的特殊条件、俄国护国主义的社会基础、护国派与反护国派交锋的实质、护国主义的本质四个方面入手,尝试着对护国主义思想做出较全面的理论概括——护国主义是一种狭隘的爱国主义,是一种极端条件下的民族主义。
[Abstract]:As a political ideology, protectionism played an important role in Russian politics at the beginning of the 20th century. During the first World War, the political situation in Russia changed more rapidly than at any time in history. In the short four years from the beginning of the war to the end of the war, there have been three central regimes-the czar government, the interim government and the Bolshevik government. But they all face the same question: should we stick to the doctrine of nationalism and continue the war? The struggle around the issue of "nationalism" has become the main line of political life throughout the three political regimes, and the attitude towards it determines the fate of every political power in Russia. In view of the tremendous influence of nationalism in Russian politics in the first two decades of the twentieth century, It will help us to have a clearer and deeper understanding of the political situation in Russia at that time-the comparative changes of political forces in politics and the internal causes of the rise and fall of political parties. At the same time, We can see in depth the evolution from nationalism to revolutionary protectionism. How the State Theory and the View of War in the traditional Socialist thought took root in the "Socialists" of different positions (referring to the two socialist parties in Russia at that time and the many political factions derived from the two parties). According to their actual needs, Constantly revise, perfect or even completely rewrite. This paper is divided into five parts. In the introduction, the concept of protectionism is defined, and the reasons for its emergence are emphatically analyzed, including the tradition of nationalism and autocracy in Russia, the development of capitalism. The realistic needs of the czarist regime, etc. The three chapters of the text, according to the chronological order, combine the process of protectionalism from rise and fall with the process of great war: the first chapter is based on the "sacred consensus" incident of 1914. The second chapter introduces the evolution of the trend of thought of nationalism in 1915-1916. The third chapter focuses on the process of the debate between revolutionary protectionism and revolutionary defeatism in 1917. The conclusion is from the special conditions of the rise and fall of Russian protectionism, the social foundation of Russian protectionism, and the essence of the confrontation between the Patriarchs and the anti-protectionists. Starting with four aspects of the essence of nationalism, this paper tries to make a comprehensive theoretical summary of the thought of nationalism-that is, it is a kind of narrow patriotism and nationalism under extreme conditions.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K512.43

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