冷战时期联邦德国在北约发展中的地位和作用

发布时间：2018-04-05 11:16

本文选题：冷战时期　切入点：联邦德国　出处：《华东师范大学》2005年博士论文

【摘要】：冷战的结束,两极格局的消失,是20世纪的一次巨变,它不仅改变了当代世界各方面特别是国际政治的面貌,而且也将对人类社会的发展产生深远的影响。在冷战时期,北约和华约的军事对峙是东西方对抗的重要内容,也是20世纪后半期国际政治的一个显著特征。作为北约组织成员并处于东西方对抗前沿的联邦德国,深深地卷入了这场对抗之中。因此,研究联邦德国在北约发展中的地位和作用具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。由于显著的军事性特征,组织的发展(包括成员的组成及数量、成员之间的团结特别是军事上的联系程度)、战略的安排、武装力量的建设及其部署是北约发展的主要内容,它们之间相互关联,而且发展状况直接影响到北约实力的强弱,从而影响其抗衡华约的实力、态势乃至胜负。基于此,本文在论述这一命题时将从这些方面来展开。全文主要分为七部分:第一章,“联邦德国加入北约”。本章既是全文的铺垫,又是论文的主要内容之一。文章在充分论述联邦德国重新武装过程的基础上,详细分析了联邦德国加入北约对北约发展的影响,并将之归纳为五个方面。同时,文章指出,伦敦—巴黎协定虽然既使西方实现了重新武装联邦德国以将其纳入防务体系的目的,又使联邦德国恢复了主权并通过加入北约而与西方结盟,但协定的限制性条款使联邦德国在联盟内处于某种不平等地位,从而对联邦德国日后在北约发展中的地位和作用产生影响。第二章,“联邦德国与北约的核力量建设”。在分析这一问题时,文章以北约“多边核力量”计划的流产和“核计划小组”的成立为个案进行研究,认为北约酝酿和出台“多边核力量”计划的原因除了想借此弥补常规力量的劣势和应对苏联发射洲际导弹与人造卫星的挑战外,就是为了防止联邦德国发展独立核力量,而其流产又主要是由于英、法反对联邦德国“染指”核武器以及美国由此而中立所出现的结果。就联邦德国而言,尽管这段时期防务政策的重心向核防御转变,并为拥有和参与控制核武器进行了不懈努力,但目标没有实现,而只是成为核计划小组的常任成员。总体上讲,整个事件具有双重性:一方面,计划流产反映了盟国对联邦德国仍存戒备心理,联邦德国在北约中的地位和作用具有内在的弱点;另一方面,核计划小组的成立及联邦德国成为其中的常任成员,又是联邦德国自身努力及北约对其安抚的结果,这又说明联邦德国在北约内的作用在增强、地位在提高。第三章,“联邦德国与北约的常规军事力量”。文章运用计量史学的方法,通过详实的数据(全文数据有20多页,其中表格17个)充分论证,联邦德国在北约常规力量中的地位和作用经历了三个发展阶段,即,经历了“北约中欧盟军主
[Abstract]:The end of the Cold War and the disappearance of the bipolar pattern is a great change in the 20th century. It not only changes the face of all aspects of the contemporary world, especially the international politics, but also has a far-reaching impact on the development of human society.During the Cold War, the military confrontation between NATO and Warsaw Treaty was an important part of East-West confrontation and a remarkable feature of international politics in the second half of the 20th century.Federal Germany, a member of NATO and at the forefront of the East-West confrontation, was deeply involved in the confrontation.Therefore, it has important academic value and practical significance to study the status and role of Federal Germany in NATO development.Because of its prominent military character, the development of the organization (including the composition and number of members, the degree of solidarity among the members, especially the military ties), the strategic arrangement, the construction and deployment of the armed forces are the main contents of NATO's development.They are interrelated, and the development of NATO directly affects the strength of its strength, thereby affecting its strength, situation and even victory and defeat.Based on this, this paper will discuss this proposition from these aspects.The paper is divided into seven parts: chapter one, Federal Republic of Germany joining NATO.This chapter is not only the foreshadowing of the full text, but also one of the main contents of the thesis.On the basis of fully discussing the process of rearming the Federal Republic of Germany, this paper analyzes in detail the influence of the entry of the Federal Republic of Germany into NATO on the development of NATO, and concludes it into five aspects.At the same time, the article points out that although the London-Paris Agreement has enabled the West to rearm the Federal Republic of Germany in order to bring it into the defense system, it has also restored the sovereignty of the Federal Republic of Germany and allied itself with the West through NATO membership.However, the restrictive clauses of the agreement made the Federal Germany in an unequal position in the alliance, which had an impact on the future status and role of the Federal Germany in the development of NATO.The second chapter, the nuclear force construction of the Federal Republic of Germany and NATO.In analysing this issue, the article takes the abortion of NATO's "multilateral nuclear force" program and the establishment of the "nuclear program group" as case studies.It is believed that the reason for NATO's development and launch of the "multilateral nuclear force" program is to prevent the development of independent nuclear forces in the Federal Republic of Germany, in addition to trying to make up for the disadvantages of conventional forces and to meet the challenges posed by the Soviet Union in launching intercontinental missiles and artificial satellites.Its miscarriage was mainly due to the British, French opposition to the Federal Republic of Germany's "involvement" of nuclear weapons and the consequent neutrality of the United States.In the case of the Federal Republic of Germany, despite the shift in the focus of defence policy during this period to nuclear defence and unremitting efforts to possess and participate in the control of nuclear weapons, the goal was not achieved, but only as a permanent member of the nuclear program group.In general, the whole incident has a dual character: on the one hand, the miscarriage of the plan reflects the allies' remaining vigilance over the Federal Republic of Germany, whose position and role in NATO are inherently weak; on the other hand,The establishment of the nuclear program group and the permanent membership of the Federal Republic of Germany are also the result of the efforts of the Federal Republic of Germany itself and the appeasement of NATO. This also shows that the role of the Federal Republic of Germany in NATO is increasing and its status is increasing.Chapter three, the conventional military strength of the Federal Republic of Germany and NATO.By using the method of econometric history, and through detailed data (there are more than 20 pages of full text data, including 17 tables), the article fully demonstrates that the position and role of the Federal Republic of Germany in NATO's conventional forces has gone through three stages of development, namely,After the NATO Central and Central Allied Forces
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K516

【引证文献】