阿克莱特的工厂制投资及其影响

发布时间：2018-04-05 11:52

本文选题：阿克莱特　切入点：水力纺纱机　出处：《天津师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：从18世纪70年代开始,英国棉纺工业迅速发展,在短短几十年的时间中从英国纺织业的一个小分支发展为英国纺织工业中最大的行业,被认为是英国工业革命中最具革命性的产业。这不仅是由于棉纺织新技术的发明,更是由于工厂制这种新的生产组织形式的建立与发展。理查德·阿克莱特(Richard Arkwright)作为水力纺纱机的"发明者"和工厂制的奠基人,在英国棉纺织业的发展和工厂制的形成中起着至关重要的作用。本文分为四个部分,以英国棉纺织业的兴起为切入点,重点研究阿克莱特工厂的特征和其示范性影响。第一章主要论述棉纺织业在英国的产生和生产技术与生产组织形式上的发展,并简要介绍阿克莱特此人进入棉纺织行业、获取水力纺纱机发明权的过程。在阿克莱特之前,英国社会迫切需要新的棉纺技术来平衡飞梭带来的纺和织的生产不平衡,生产形式方面利用简单机器进行小规模集中生产的早期工厂也在纺织业各领域中初露头角,但由于机器不完善等原因都未能长足发展。第二章主要从选址和集资两方面论述了阿克莱特创建工厂的过程。说明了克罗姆福德(Cromford)工厂作为其第一个成功的水力纺纱厂,在选址上主要参考原有工业基础和水力资源、劳动力等条件;在集资方式上阿克莱特主要依靠吸引合伙人投资、贷款等方式获取创建工厂的初始资本,初步营利之后通过不断的利润回投,在多地增设工厂的形式进行资本扩张。第三章从技术改进和劳动力招聘与管理方面阐述了阿克莱特一系列纺纱厂的生产经营情况。指出阿克莱特最先将零散的新发明和技术合理规划到统一的工厂制生产体系中,利用完备的动力系统进行大规模集中生产,并通过几十年的发展,在工厂社区建设、工作时间等方面初步具备了近现代工厂管理的基本要素。第四章主要分析阿克莱特工厂对于工厂制发展的影响。在阿克莱特巨大成功的刺激下,其他制造商们学习阿克莱特在生产经营上的成功经验,纷纷建立水力棉纺工厂;这种投资设厂热潮促进了工厂制这种新的生产形式在棉纺织业领域的扩张和发展完善,近现代工厂制度在阿克莱特工厂模式的基础上首先在棉纺织业领域建立起来。
[Abstract]:Since the 1870s, the British cotton textile industry has developed rapidly. In just a few decades, it has developed from a small branch of the British textile industry to the largest one in the British textile industry.It is regarded as the most revolutionary industry in the British Industrial Revolution.This is due not only to the invention of new cotton textile technology, but also to the establishment and development of the new production organization form of factory system.Richard Arkwright), as the inventor of hydraulic spinning machine and the founder of factory system, played an important role in the development of British textile industry and the formation of factory system.This paper is divided into four parts, with the rise of British cotton textile industry as the starting point, the focus of the study of the characteristics of the Aclite factory and its exemplary impact.The first chapter mainly discusses the production technology and production organization of cotton textile industry in England, and briefly introduces the process of this person entering the cotton textile industry and obtaining the invention right of hydraulic spinning machine.Before Arcett, British society urgently needed new cotton spinning technology to balance the production imbalance between spinning and weaving caused by flying shuttles.In terms of production form, the early factories which used simple machines for small-scale centralized production also showed their heads in various fields of textile industry, but because of imperfect machines and other reasons, they failed to develop rapidly.The second chapter mainly discusses the process of establishing the factory from the two aspects of site selection and capital raising.It shows that the Cromford) plant, as its first successful hydraulic spinning plant, mainly refers to the original industrial foundation, hydraulic resources, labor force and other conditions in the site selection, and that in the way of raising funds, Aclite mainly relies on attracting partners to invest.Loans and other ways to obtain the initial capital to create a factory, initial profits after the return of profits through continuous investment, in the form of additional factories in a number of forms of capital expansion.The third chapter describes the production and management of a series of Aclite spinning mills from the aspects of technical improvement and labor force recruitment and management.It is pointed out that Arcett first rationally planned the scattered new inventions and technologies into the unified factory production system, used the complete power system to carry out large-scale centralized production, and through decades of development, built in the factory community.Working hours and other aspects of the initial modern factory management with the basic elements.The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the impact of Aclair factory on the development of factory system.Spurred by Arcett's great success, other manufacturers learned from Arcett's successful experience in production and management and set up hydraulic cotton spinning plants.This kind of investment and setting up a factory boom promoted the expansion and development of the new production form of the factory system in the cotton textile industry. The modern factory system was first established in the cotton textile industry on the basis of the Aclite factory model.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K561.43

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