传统与西化在俄国农村的交锋——18～19世纪中期俄国的“士兵妻子”与农村服兵役家庭

发布时间：2018-04-06 22:04

本文选题：彼得一世　切入点：西化改革　出处：《史学月刊》2012年10期

【摘要】：彼得一世参照西欧制度创立正规军,实行征兵制后,一个特殊群体——"士兵妻子"——开始迅速扩大。她们绝大部分来自农村,甚至曾是农奴,然而一旦成为"士兵妻子",就跟丈夫一起晋升为免税免劳役的军人阶层。从此,"士兵妻子"的身份将纠缠她的一生及其子女。她们的身上集中展现出在转型社会下改革所引入的西方文明与传统文化之间的矛盾性,她们既无法回归传统的生活方式,也几乎享受不到"自由身份"带来的益处,反而成为农村妇女中命运最为悲惨的一群人。她们是生硬套用外来制度于俄国传统社会后的牺牲品。她们的不幸命运预示出即使俄国的农奴制被废除,社会的分裂仍难以消弭。这同时也是改革者忽视国家传统的载体即人民大众的需求所造成的恶果。
[Abstract]:After Peter I established the regular army by referring to the Western European system and conscribed, a special group-the "soldier's wife"-began to expand rapidly.Most of them came from rural areas, even serfs, but once they became "soldier wives," they were promoted with their husbands to the tax-free military class.From then on, the identity of the "soldier wife" will haunt her life and her children.Their concentration shows the contradiction between the Western civilization and the traditional culture introduced by the reform in the transitional society. They can neither return to the traditional way of life nor enjoy the benefits of "free identity".Instead, it became the most miserable group of rural women.They were victims of the rigid application of foreign institutions to the traditional Russian society.Their unfortunate fate foreshadowed that even if the serfdom of Russia were abolished, the division of society would not be eliminated.It is also a consequence of reformers' neglect of the nation's traditional carrier, the needs of the masses.
【作者单位】：南京大学历史学系;
【基金】：2012年度教育部人文社科研究项目《全球化进程中的民族问题》(12YJA770006)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K512;E512

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