1917年的孟什维克:挣扎在教条、幻想和现实之间

发布时间：2018-04-09 21:47

  本文选题：孟什维克　切入点：年革命　出处：《史学集刊》2017年05期

【摘要】：1917年是孟什维克发展最为关键的一年,也是其最左右为难的一年。二月革命之后孟什维克实际掌握了国家政权,但教条地认为无产阶级掌权的时刻还未来临,于是把权力移交给了资产阶级临时政府,自己则以苏维埃为阵地做民主政治下的反对派,但在四月危机和临时政府面临垮台的背景下,被迫加入临时政府参与执政,并逐渐沦为其附庸。在战争与和平的抉择中,孟什维克大都反对战争,却不主张立即退出战争,甚至认为一战的胜利可以捍卫革命的成果。孟什维克一直追求民主,让全体公民共享革命成果,但却连基本的社会经济问题都不能解决,人民的物质生活水平十分低下。而其努力追求的民主,幻想构建的强有力的民主政府,却由于自身的一些致命性失误而偏离预先设计的轨道,最终发展成为无政府主义。
[Abstract]:1917 was the most crucial year for Menshevik's development and its most difficult one.After the February revolution, Menshevik actually took over the state power, but the dogmatic belief that the proletariat had not yet come to power handed over power to the bourgeois interim government.He took the Soviet position as the opposition under democratic politics, but in the context of the crisis in April and the downfall of the interim government, he was forced to join the interim government to take part in the government and gradually become its vassal.In the choice of war and peace, Menshevik mostly opposed war, but did not advocate exiting war immediately, and even thought that victory of World War I could defend the achievements of revolution.Menshevik has been pursuing democracy, so that all citizens share the fruits of the revolution, but can not even solve the basic socio-economic problems, the people's material standard of living is very low.However, the democracy it strives for and the powerful democratic government it imagines to build deviates from the pre-designed track because of its own fatal mistakes and eventually develops into anarchism.
【作者单位】： 维亚特国立大学历史系;吉林大学东北亚研究中心暨东北亚研究院;吉林大学东北亚研究院;
【分类号】：K512.51
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本文编号：1728318