19世纪中叶侵华欧洲军队陆海战术研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 23:33

本文选题：陆战时的方阵战术　切入点：陆战时的线行战术　出处：《上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年01期

【摘要】：在中世纪晚期,欧洲“步兵方阵”在战场上的地位凸显;至17-18世纪末期燧发枪流行后,“线行战术”普及;在18世纪末至19世纪初,“纵队战术”出现。至19世纪60年代,“散兵线战术”问世。至于海战,从15世纪下半叶至18世纪末期,“线式作战”成为敌对国舰队之间的标准战术;从18世纪末期以来,又渐过渡至“机动战术”。至19世纪60年代,“纵队战术”成为当时最先进的海战战法。在两次鸦片战争,侵略军在中国陆战中常用“纵队战术”,在海战中主要使用“线式战术”,攻击清朝陆海部队。由此看出:武器是战术的基础,战术的发展须以武器技术与性能的提高适时而动。近代以来欧洲军队陆海战术的演变,反映了其作战方法取决于武器性能和人员素质这一客观规律;其演变促进了军事技术的发展、改变了其境内攻防技术的程序和战争的节奏、规模和管理模式;时至19世纪中叶,其先进的陆海战术无疑对侵华战争起了推动作用。
[Abstract]:In the late Middle Ages in Europe, highlighting the "infantry phalanx in battle position; to the end of the 17-18 century flintlock popular," line tactics "popularization; at the end of eighteenth Century to early nineteenth Century," column tactics ". Until 1860s," skirmisher tactics ". As for the advent of naval battle, from the second half of the fifteenth Century to eighteenth Century at the end of the" battle lines "has become the standard tactical fleet from the enemy country; since the end of eighteenth Century, and gradually transition to the" tactical ". Until 1860s," column tactics "has become the most advanced naval tactics. During the two Opium War, the invading army in China marine used in" column tactics ", the main the use of" line tactics "in the battle, the Qing Dynasty armed forces. The attack weapon is the foundation of the tactics, tactics and technology development must be to improve the performance of the weapon in modern times in Europe timely and moving. The evolution of sea team tactics, reflects its operational method depends on the objective law of weapons performance and the quality of personnel; its evolution to promote the development of military technology, changed its territory defense technology program and the rhythm of war, scale and management mode; to the middle of the nineteenth Century, the advanced land tactics undoubtedly played a role in promoting the war of aggression against China.

【作者单位】：河南科技大学马克思主义学院;

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