巴列维国王时期的美国伊朗关系研究（1941—1979）

发布时间：2018-04-10 10:36

本文选题：美国　+ 伊朗　；引自：《首都师范大学》2004年博士论文

【摘要】：本文主要探讨的是伊朗穆罕默德·礼萨·巴列维国王时期(1941-1979)的美伊关系。随着英国和苏联在1941年8月对伊朗的占领，伊朗骤然上升为一个备受国际社会瞩目的国家。二战期间伊朗在盟军的军事行动、特别是运送盟国对苏联的援助物资方面发挥了巨大的作用，正是伊朗所具有的这一特殊功能，才使得先前与它关系淡漠的美国大规模的涉入伊朗，美伊关系也从此进入了一个新的历史时期。随着二战临近结束，盟国在石油资源非常丰富、战略地位十分重要的伊朗产生了较为激烈的利益纷争。在此期间以及二战结束后的一段时间内，当伊朗与英苏发生冲突时，美国大都小心谨慎的站在伊朗一边，或者至少不是很明显的与伊朗作对，这使得伊朗人对美国的好感与日俱增。1953年伊朗政变的成功以及随后伊朗石油国有化危机以有利于美国的方式获得解决，，标志着美国在伊朗优势地位的最终确立以及美伊依附关系的最终形成。当美国成为对伊朗影响最大的外部国家后，在美国的帮助下重新执掌大权的巴列维国王选择了亲美外交路线，他寄希望于在美国的帮助下获得国家的主权独立和领土完整。在冷战的氛围中，美国也看到了伊朗在遏制苏联方面的重要作用。于是双方各有所求，在至1979年巴列维国王倒台为止的三十多年中美伊建立并发展了非常巩固的双边关系。在美伊关系发展过程中，特别是在巴列维统治的最后10年中，美国对伊朗的军售在双边关系中占有十分重要的位置。巴列维向美国购买大量的武器，这固然增强了伊朗的军事实力，提升了伊朗的国际地位，增加了美国的出口以及为美国创造了更多的就业机会，但是不可避免的是，他将大把的石油美元花费在武器上的同时，忽略了对伊朗更为重要的经济建设的投资，这也为他统治的覆灭、为日后美伊关系的恶化埋下了伏笔。在这长达40余年的美伊关系发展过程中，虽然也有肯尼迪总统以及卡特总统向巴列维施加的改革压力，但是他们的初衷并非是希望伊朗走向现代化的民主社会，而是希望巴列维政权能保持长期的稳定，伊朗能更好的为美国利益服务，鼓吹人权、呼吁削减对外军售的卡特政府对巴列维侵犯人权的漠视、对伊朗武器出售的积极姿态恰好说明了美国对伊政策的上述主要诉求。 1979年巴列维国王的出走他乡以及伊朗伊斯兰共和国的成立标志着王朝时代在伊朗的陨落，也标志着二战后美伊亲密关系的终结。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the relationship between Iran and Iran during the time of King Mohamed Reza Baleway.With the British and Soviet occupation of Iran in August 1941, Iran rose to international prominence.During World War II, Iran played a great role in the Allied military operations, especially in the delivery of allied aid to the Soviet Union. It is precisely this special function that Iran has.The United States, which previously had little relationship with Iran, entered a new historical period.With the end of World War II, Iran, which is rich in oil resources and plays a very important role in the strategic position, has had a fierce conflict of interests.During this period and some time after World War II, when there was a conflict between Iran and Britain and the Soviet Union, most of the United States was cautiously on the side of Iran, or at least not obviously against Iran.This has led to a growing interest in the United States among Iranians. The success of Iran's coup in 1953 and the subsequent crisis of Iranian oil nationalization were resolved in a way that would benefit the United States.It marks the final establishment of America's dominant position in Iran and the final formation of its dependence on Iran.When the United States became the most influential external country in Iran, with the help of the United States, King Baleway took the pro-American diplomatic route, and he hoped to gain the sovereign independence and territorial integrity of the country with the help of the United States.In the cold-war atmosphere, the United States also saw Iran's important role in containing the Soviet Union.The two sides had their own desires and established and developed very strong bilateral relations for more than 30 years until the fall of King Pahlavi in 1979.In the course of the development of U.S.-Iraq relations, especially in the last 10 years of Baleway's rule, American arms sales to Iran play a very important role in bilateral relations.Baleway bought a lot of weapons from the United States, which, of course, strengthened Iran's military power, raised Iran's international standing, increased American exports and created more jobs for the United States, but inevitably,He spent a lot of petrodollars on weapons while neglecting investment in Iran's more important economic construction, setting the stage for the end of his rule and for the future deterioration of relations between the United States and Iraq.In the course of the development of US-Iraq relations for more than 40 years, although President Kennedy and President Carter have also exerted pressure on Baleway for reform, their original intention is not to want Iran to move towards a modern democratic society.Instead, he hoped that the Baleway regime would maintain long-term stability, that Iran would better serve the interests of the United States, advocate human rights, and that the Carter administration, which had called for a reduction in foreign arms sales, would ignore the violation of human rights by Barelvi.The positive stance on arms sales to Iran illustrates the main claims of US policy toward Iran.The departure of King Baleway in 1979 and the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran marked the fall of the dynastic era in Iran and the end of the close relationship between the United States and Iraq after World War II.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K373.52

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