从上帝选民到社区公民:新英格兰殖民地早期公民意识的形成

发布时间：2018-04-13 19:40

本文选题：新英格兰殖民地 + 清教　；参考：《中国社会科学》2012年01期

【摘要】：以马萨诸塞为核心的新英格兰殖民地,在其成长过程中的前50年,很大程度上是一个政教界限不甚分明的单一社会。温斯罗普设计的作为上帝之城的马萨诸塞,被当作一个神学实验,具有较强的等级观和排他性。在这个共同体中享有充分政治权利的是经过严格筛选的教会成员,即所谓"上帝选民"。然而,随着时间的推移,并经历来自内部反对派和新移民中清教激进派的挑战,原来的宗教热情在第二、三代移民身上已经淡化,而清教教义和实践本身所具有的某些特征,也为民主思想和个人主义的发展奠定了基础。随着欧洲启蒙思想的传入和各殖民地之间的交流与融合,基于宗教热忱的选民观逐步为基于世俗理性的公民观所代替,新英格兰殖民地也由早期的清教社会逐步转变为美国革命前的公民社会。
[Abstract]:In the first 50 years of its growth, the Massachusetts-centered New England colony was largely a monolithic society with few religious boundaries.Massachusetts, designed by Winthrop as the city of God, is regarded as a theological experiment with a strong sense of hierarchy and exclusiveness.Full political power in this community is enjoyed by carefully selected church members, known as "God voters."However, over time and through challenges from both the internal opposition and the Puritan radical among the new immigrants, the original religious zeal has faded in the second and third generations of immigrants, while the puritanism and the practice itself have certain characteristics.It also laid the foundation for the development of democratic thought and individualism.With the introduction of European enlightenment ideas and the exchange and integration among the colonies, the religious enthusiasm of the voters was gradually replaced by the concept of citizenship based on secular reason.New England colonies also evolved from an early Puritan society to a civil society before the American Revolution.
【作者单位】：四川大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：教育部一般项目“美国社会公正观念的演变”(批准号:10XJA770010)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K712

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