论巴黎公社的“公仆”原则及其当代价值

发布时间：2018-04-14 10:25

本文选题：巴黎公社 + “公仆”原则　；参考：《安徽大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：1871年3月18日,法国巴黎公社建立。它所提倡和主张的一系列具体原则,如通过无产阶级掌握政治权利来维护其自身的经济地位,通过维护人民群众的利益来体现其民主的真正社会基础,以及以人民当家作主为出发点和落脚点的公仆制等,具有一定的启发意义和当代价值,尤其对中国特色社会主义民主政治建设有重要参考价值。本文通过对巴黎公社的“公仆”原则的确立,以及巴黎公社“公仆”原则理论在法国得到了实践检验的分析,得出尽管公社最后解体,但它的原则是永存的结论,巴黎公社的经验在苏联和中国得到运用和发展。列宁领导苏联人民发动了十月革命,建立第一个苏维埃社会主义国家,他利用马克思主义辩证法的方法论,号召社会公仆人员一定要坚持人民利益的利益观,强调民主与集中辩证统一,加强对社会主义新型民主的探索,充分地发挥了巴黎公社“公仆”思想理论,带领苏联人民从一个胜利走向另一个胜利,但由于叶利钦、戈尔巴乔夫的领导偏离马克思主义一元论的指导思想,割裂民主与集中的辩证关系,违背人民群众是历史动力的基本原理,失去民心,导致列宁领导建立的第一个无产阶级专政的社会主义国家政权解体。中国共产党在毛泽东的领导下,推翻了三座大山,建立了新中国,坚持权利属于人民,为民所用,全心全意为人民服务的核心价值,坚持从群众中来,到群众中去的马克思主义方法论和认识论。解放思想,实事求是是邓小平的政治哲学的基石,他坚持真理尺度和价值尺度的统一,深化群众路线理论,运用系统性辩证思维的方式把握民主与法制以及诸要素之间的整体性和协调性,全方位地发展巴黎公社社会公仆思想理论,为新时期新阶段的中国特色社会主义民主政治建设留下了丰富的理论财富和实践经验。中国共产党结合时代特征以及中国特色社会主义民主政治建设的发展状况,强调当前我国社会主义民主政治建设仍然需要发展人民代表制,增加社会的透明度；需要社会自治；需要大众的政治参与,而不是少数人的专权；需要全方位的监督、要求建设一个“廉价政府”等诸方面的社会公仆理论作指导。同时更要正视巴黎公社“公仆”原则的当下启示：一是要客观、辩证地分析中国特色社会主义民主思想与西方代议制民主思想的差异,扬民主政治之长处、避西方代议制民主之短处,全面发展中国特色社会主义民主思想的优越性。二是要一切从实际出发,走自己的路,积极稳妥地推进社会主义民主政治建设,注重经济民主、政治民主和社会民主的和谐统一,注重中国特色社会主义民主政治、民主经济和民主文化的和谐统一。
[Abstract]:March 18, 1871, France Paris Commune established.It advocates and advocates a series of specific principles, such as safeguarding its own economic status through the proletariat's control of political rights, and embodying the true social basis of its democracy by safeguarding the interests of the masses of the people.And the public servant system, which takes the people as the starting point and the foothold as the starting point, has certain enlightening significance and the contemporary value, especially has the important reference value to the Chinese characteristic socialism democratic political construction.Through the establishment of the principle of "public servant" of the Paris Commune, and the analysis of the theory of the principle of "Public servant" of the Paris Commune in France, the author draws the conclusion that, although the commune finally disintegrates, its principle is eternal.The experience of the Paris Commune was applied and developed in the Soviet Union and China.Lenin led the people of the Soviet Union to launch the October Revolution and set up the first Soviet socialist country. He used the methodology of Marxist dialectics to call on public servants to adhere to the interests of the people.Emphasizing the dialectical unity of democracy and centralism, strengthening the exploration of the new socialist democracy, giving full play to the Paris Commune's "public servant" ideology and theory, leading the Soviet people from one victory to another, but thanks to Yeltsin,Gorbachev's leadership deviated from the guiding ideology of Marxist monism, severed the dialectical relationship between democracy and centralism, ran counter to the basic principle that the masses of the people were the motive force of history, and lost the hearts of the people.Lenin led to the establishment of the first proletarian dictatorship of the socialist state power disintegration.Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the Communist Party of China overthrew the three mountains, established a new China, maintained that the right belongs to the people, used it for the people, and served the people wholeheartedly, and insisted on coming from among the masses.Marxist methodology and epistemology among the masses.Emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts is the cornerstone of Deng Xiaoping's political philosophy. He adheres to the unity of the criteria of truth and value and deepens the theory of the mass line.Using the way of systematic dialectical thinking to grasp the integrity and coordination between democracy and legal system and among the elements, and to develop the social public servant thought theory of Paris Commune in all directions.It has left rich theoretical wealth and practical experience for the construction of socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics in the new period.Combining the characteristics of the times and the development of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, the Communist Party of China emphasizes that the current socialist democratic political construction in China still needs to develop the system of people's representatives, increase the transparency of society, and need social autonomy.It needs the political participation of the masses, not the autocratic power of a few people, and the omnidirectional supervision and the guidance of the theory of social public servants in the construction of a "cheap government" and so on.At the same time, we should also face up to the immediate enlightenment of the principle of "public servant" of the Paris Commune: first, we should objectively and dialectically analyze the differences between the socialist democratic thought with Chinese characteristics and the western representative democratic thought, and promote the advantages of democratic politics.To avoid the shortcomings of representative democracy in the West and to develop the superiority of socialist democratic thought with Chinese characteristics in an all-round way.Second, we should proceed from reality, follow our own road, actively and steadily promote the construction of socialist democratic politics, pay attention to the harmonious unity of economic democracy, political democracy and social democracy, and pay attention to socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics.The harmonious unity of democratic economy and culture.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D13;K565.42

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