乌尔第三王朝贡牲中心总督主祭期（bala）用牲官员卡牟（吉尔苏）、贝里阿朱和卢萨旮的档案重建

发布时间：2018-04-14 14:09

本文选题：乌尔第三王朝 + 贡牲中心　；参考：《东北师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：普兹瑞什达干贡牲中心(é-Puzrish-Dagan)建立于乌尔第三王朝第二任国王舒勒吉（ulgi）在位的第38年，其遗址位于现伊拉克的德莱海姆(Drehem)村庄。乌尔第三王朝时期，中央王权日益强大，各地向国王进贡的牲畜增多，同时，王室和各地总督要向诸神奉献牺牲以及支出牲畜为宫廷和其他王室官员以及士兵食用，这些接收和支出工作需要一个专门的机构来管理，在此情况下，普兹瑞什达干贡牲中心建立起来。由于贡牲中心出土的泥板文献流散到不同的收藏地并被零散地发表，导致国际学术界不能对其进行系统、全面的研究。为此，东北师范大学世界古典文明史研究所建立了“乌尔第三王朝贡牲中心档案重建工程”（Drehem Project），其目标是重建贡牲中心散失的各个官员的档案并给予基础性的研究，为学术界研究这一时期的政治和经济提供必不可少的文献资料。本文就是这一宏大工程的一部分。贡牲中心负责两部分贡牲的管理和支出，其主要部分是管理王室的贡牲，其他部分是管理各省总督对尼普尔诸神和其他神yG的祭祀活动，我们称之为轮值主祭期（bala）。本文首先对“bala”问题的基本内容和研究现状进行了基本介绍，了解了总督轮值主祭及其作用。然后重建了贡牲中心专门负责总督轮值主祭（bala）用牲官员卡牟(Ka5a-mu)、贝里阿朱(Beli-azu)和卢萨旮(Lú-sa6-ga)的档案，并对他们每人的具体职能进行分析。目前统计到的出土自德莱海姆的三人文件共有203篇。论文重建档案的方法是对卡牟、贝里阿朱和卢萨旮的原始文件按时间顺序进行排列，列出原文拉丁化并进行中英文翻译，后展开基础性的分析研究。通过对三人的文献档案的重建分析,我们可以得出以下结论：卡牟的工作时间是从舒勒吉44年5月到舒辛4年1月，中间离开5年，只负责最大行省吉尔苏总督的主祭用牲。贝里阿朱的工作时间为舒勒吉48年1月到舒辛6年9月，中间离开5年；卢萨旮的工作时间从阿马尔辛6年7月到阿马尔辛9年12月。此二人负责的总督比较多。三人作为连接吉尔苏和其他各地总督和贡牲中心的中间人，为总督主祭月从中心各官员处接收贡牲，再发放给各月主祭总督。他们的工作联系人比较多：既有历任中心总管，，也有各牛、羊圈管理官员，因此较为系统地表明了乌尔第三王朝的总督轮值主祭制度的大概面貌。通过对卡牟、贝里阿朱和卢萨旮档案的重建和分析，我们对总督主祭制度有了更深入的了解。同时，更探讨了一些困难问题如“预借项（u~lá-a）”和牲畜交换问题的认识。本文的工作为研究乌尔第三王朝中央和地方的特殊同盟关系以及中心对总督轮值主祭的管理模式提供了第一手的文献依据，为研究苏美尔国家的功能和结构贡献了比较专门的研究成果。
[Abstract]:The Puzrish-Daganan was founded 38 years after the reign of the second King of the third Ur Dynasty, Schulgig, and its site is located in the village of Drehemheim, present-day Iraq.During the third Dynasty of Ur, the Central Committee Wang Quan grew stronger and more livestock paid tribute to the king. At the same time, the royal family and the local governors sacrificed and paid livestock to the gods for consumption by the court and other royal officials and soldiers.These receiving and spending tasks require a specialized agency to manage, in which case the Pozrishdagon Veterinary Centre was established.Due to the scattered documents of clay plates unearthed in the tribute Center and published in different places, the international academic circles cannot carry out systematic and comprehensive research on them.To this end, the Institute of World Classical Civilization History of Northeastern normal University established the "Archives Reconstruction Project of the third King tribute Center," which aims to reconstruct the archives of the officials lost in the center and give them basic research.Provide the necessary literature for the academic circles to study the politics and economy of this period.This article is part of this grand project.The tribute Center is responsible for the management and expenditure of the two parts of the tribute, the main part of which is the management of the royal tribute, and the other part is the management of the sacrifice of the governors of the provinces to the Nipur gods and other gods yg, which we call the rotating principal sacrifice period.This paper first introduces the basic content and research status of "bala", and understands the governor's rotation principal sacrifice and its function.Then the archives of the tribute Centre, which is dedicated to the Governor's rotating principal sacrifice, were rebuilt, and the specific functions of each of them were analysed, using the livestock officials Kamou Ka5a-mun, Beli-azuin of Berri Ajun, and L 煤 -sa6-gaa of Lousa.At present, the statistics unearthed from Dreheim three-person documents a total of 203.The method of reconstructing the archives in this paper is to arrange the original documents of Qamu, Berryazu and Luza in chronological order, to list the original texts in Latin and to translate them into Chinese and English, and then to carry out the basic analysis and research.Through the analysis of the reconstruction of the documents of the three people, we can draw the following conclusion: the working time of Kamu is from May 44 to January 4 of Schulerjee, leaving five years in the middle, only in charge of the principal sacrifice of Governor Gilsous in the largest province.Beryazu worked from January 48 to September 6 and left for five years, while Luca worked from July 6 to December 9.These two men are responsible for more governors.The three men act as middlemen connecting Gilsous and other governors and tribute centers to receive tribute from the officials of the centre for the Governor's month of worship and then distribute it to the Governor of each month of the principal sacrifice.They have many working contacts: they have served as the head of the center, as well as cattle and sheep management officers, so a more systematic show of the third dynasty of the governor of the vassal system of the general appearance.Through the reconstruction and analysis of Kamou, Beryazu and Luca archives, we have a better understanding of the Governor's principal worship system.At the same time, some difficult problems, such as "advance loan" and livestock exchange, are also discussed.The work of this paper provides a firsthand literature basis for the study of the special alliance between the central and local governments of the third Ur Dynasty and the management mode of the Governor's rotating principal sacrifice by the Center.Contribution to the study of Sumerian function and structure of the more specialized research results.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K107.8

【共引文献】