阿根廷的农业现代化

发布时间：2018-04-14 19:05

本文选题：阿根廷 + 农业　；参考：《四川大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：阿根廷作为拉美第二大国，具备发展农业经济的良好条件，然而自独立以来，阿根廷的农业一直处于相对迟滞和落后的状态。早在20世纪30年代以前，阿根廷农业就通过食品出口加入了资本主义世界市场体系，由此，阿根廷农业中的出口部门获得了高速发展。与之相对应的是，阿根廷的基础农业几乎仍然停滞在殖民地时期的水平上。阿根廷农业具有良好的自然条件却始终无法实现农业的现代化，其原因何在?这是本文的论题。作为与土地紧密连接、不可分割的一个产业，土地制度是制约农业发展的重要原因。阿根廷的土地占有制度并不同与拉美其他国家，它并没有形成于殖民地时期，而是在阿根廷获得独立后的一段历史时期形成的，并受到当时阿根廷地广人稀的现实状况的影响。1880年以后，世界资本主义的扩张使得阿根廷经济通过农产品出口的方式加入到了世界经济体系中来，世界资本主义的扩张也使得阿根廷土地与农业资本主义生产紧密结合。从20世纪30年代后，随着阿根廷替代进口工业迅速发展，阿根廷的大地产制度显得不合时宜了。阿根廷政府开始进行土地改革，目前国内普遍认为阿根廷的土地改革是失败的，并没有取得土地改革应有的成果，如改变阿根廷的土地结构，，消除农村中存在的前资本主义剥削残余，解决农民的土地问题，改善农民生存状况，改变农业中旧的生产方式等。然而从经济发展的角度来看阿根廷的土地改革，我们会发现，土地改革首先动摇了大地产制度的合法地位，促进了人们思想观念的改变和传统生产方式向资本主义生产经营方式的转化。因此，土地改革在一定程度上消
[Abstract]:As the second largest country in Latin America, Argentina has good conditions to develop its agricultural economy. However, since its independence, its agriculture has been in a state of relative hysteresis and backwardness.As early as the 1930s, Argentina's agriculture joined the capitalist world market system through food export, thus the export sector of Argentina's agriculture developed at a high speed.In contrast, Argentina's basic agriculture was almost still at colonial levels.Argentina agriculture has good natural conditions but has never been able to realize the modernization of agriculture, what is the reason?This is the subject of this paper.As an industry closely connected with land, land system is an important reason to restrict the development of agriculture.Unlike the rest of Latin America, Argentina's land tenure system was not formed in colonial times, but in a historical period after Argentina gained independence.After 1880, the expansion of world capitalism enabled Argentina's economy to join the world economic system through the export of agricultural products.The expansion of world capitalism has also combined Argentina's land and agricultural capitalist production.Since the 1930s, with the rapid development of Argentina's import substitution industry, Argentina's large real estate system has become anachronistic.The Argentine Government has begun to carry out land reform, which is now widely recognized as a failure in Argentina and has not yielded the desired results of land reform, such as changing the land structure of Argentina.To eliminate the remnants of pre-capitalist exploitation in rural areas, to solve the land problems of farmers, to improve the living conditions of farmers, to change the old production mode in agriculture and so on.From the perspective of economic development, however, in Argentina's land reform, we will find that land reform has first shaken the legal status of the large real estate system.It promotes the change of people's ideology and the transformation of traditional mode of production into capitalist mode of production and management.As a result, land reform has to some extent been eliminated
【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K783.5

【相似文献】