艾森豪威尔政府国家安全政策研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 00:11

本文选题：艾森豪威尔 + 国家安全　；参考：《东北师范大学》2003年博士论文

【摘要】： 艾森豪威尔政府的国家安全政策是同时期美国国防政策和外交政策的指导纲领。本论文以美国国家安全委员会NSC162／2、NSC5440、NSC5501、NSC5602／1、NSC5707／8、NSC5810／1、NSC5906／1这些绝密文件为中心，整体探讨了艾森豪威尔政府国家安全政策的演变。在第一届任期内，艾森豪威尔政府立足于新的苏联威胁观，以“大平衡”理论为基础，制定了国家安全政策的一系列原则。相对于杜鲁门政府的国家安全战略，艾森豪威尔政府的国家安全政策表现出一定的连续性与差异性。五十年代中期以后，随着美苏竞争态势的变化，艾森豪威尔政府对第一届任期内的国家安全政策进行了调整。鉴于国际和国内学术界已对第一届艾森豪威尔政府的国家安全政策进行了探讨，而对其第二届任期内的国家安全政策的研究相对滞后，在此基础之上，本论文拟主要依据美国国家安全委员会文件和美国对外关系文件，着力探讨第二届艾森豪威尔政府国家安全政策中出现的新现象。全文共分为绪论和八个章节绪论介绍了自20世纪50年代以来学术界对艾森豪威尔政府国家安全政策的研究现状以及本项研究的学术价值及其现实意义。第一章探讨了第一届艾森豪威尔政府国家安全政策的各项原则和特点。第二章承前启后，介绍了艾森豪威尔继任前后国际政局的变化及其对美国国家安全的影响。第三章到第七章是本论文的主体部分。第三章分析了作为艾森豪威尔政府国家安全政策支柱的“大规模报复战略”的演变。自“大规模报复战略”产生之日起，，该战略内部就蕴含着变化的内在逻辑和方向。因为全面战争危险的降低，有限战争问题日益成为美国国家安全面临的主要威胁，如何应对有限战争的争论最终导致了“大规模报复战略”的微调，该战略开始向二元化的核战略蜕变。第四章论述了艾森豪威尔政府的大陆防御政策。大陆防御是艾森豪威尔政府国家安全政策的重要组成部分，它与具有攻击特征的大规模报复战略互为表里，构成美国国家安全的剑与盾。大陆防御涉及预警、积极防御和消极防御。第五章论述艾森豪威尔政府盟国政策的调整。因为欧亚战略态势的变化，美国以五群制原子师的方式重新部署了在欧洲的驻军；为强化核威慑力量，巩固盟国团结，艾森豪威尔政府还试图建立共亭核武器的多边核力量，但最终失败。亚洲盟国面临的问题主要是巩固反共独裁政权的稳定，因此美国的军事援助居高不下。第六章论述艾森豪威尔政府对发展中国家的政策。50年代中期，国际政治中的大事之一是发展中国家登上政治舞台；此前，发展中国家在美国国家安全政策范畴中不居重要地位，然而苏联的强大政治经济攻势迫使美国改变发展中国家政策，美国主要通过援助方式同苏联展开竞争，但效果不如人意。第七章论述艾森豪威尔政府外层空间政策。在艾森豪威尔第一届任期内，因外层空间政策在国家安全政策中的相对弱势地位，美国没有成为第一个发射卫星的国家。苏联发射卫星后，艾森豪威尔政府创设国家航空航天局，制定了新的外空政策文件，确立了争取领导地位的政策目标和系列行动方针。后将美国外层空间政策的目标调整为重视外层空间的实际应用和科学研究价值，突出外层空间的国际法意义，在实践中载人航天计划的核心地位有所动摇。第八章是结语，扼要概括了艾森豪威尔政府国家安全政策的特点及其历史地位。主要以政治经济手段为主遏制苏联集团是艾森豪威尔政府国家安全政策的核心特点，它对后世美国政府的国家安全战略产生了深远影响。
[Abstract]:The Eisenhower administration's national security policy is the guiding principle of the American national defense policy and foreign policy at the same time. In this paper, the U.S. National Security Council NSC162 / 2, NSC5440, NSC5501, NSC5602 / 1, NSC5707 / 8, NSC5810 / 1, NSC5906 / 1, the top secret documents as the center, the overall study on the evolution of Eisenhower administration's national security policy. In his first term, the Eisenhower administration based on the new concept of the Soviet threat, with "big balance" theory, made a series of principles of national security policy. The Truman administration's national security policy, Eisenhower administration's national security policy showed continuity and diversity to some extent. After the middle of 50s with the change of competitive situation, the United States and the Soviet Union, the Eisenhower administration's national security policy in his first term was adjusted. In view of the international and domestic The academic circles have carried on the discussion to the first session of the Eisenhower administration's national security policy, and to study its second term national security policy is lagging behind, on this basis, this thesis is mainly based on the U.S. National Security Council documents and foreign relations of the United States, to explore a new phenomenon in the second session of the Eisenhower administration's national security policy in.
The full text is divided into introduction and eight chapters
The introduction introduces the research status of Eisenhower administration's national security policy since 1950s and the academic value and practical significance of this research.
The first chapter discusses the principles and characteristics of the first Eisenhower administration's national security policy. The second chapter introduces the changes of the international political situation before and after the succession of Eisenhower and its impact on the US national security.
The third chapter to the seventh chapter is the main part of this thesis. The third chapter analyzes Eisenhower's national security policy as the prop of "massive retaliation strategy evolution. Since the" massive retaliation strategy "date, internal logic and strategic direction of the internal change. Because it contains a reduced risk of Total War Co. The war has become the main threat to the national security of the United States, how to deal with the limited war debate eventually led to a" massive retaliation "fine-tuning, the strategy began to two yuan of nuclear strategy transformation.
The fourth chapter discusses the Eisenhower administration's continental defense policy.
The important part of the Eisenhower government's national security policy, it and the attack special
"Massive retaliation syndrome, constitute the national security of the United States sword and shield.
Land defense involves early warning, active defense and passive defense.
The fifth chapter discusses the adjustment of the policy of the Eisenhower government allies.
Changes in the situation, the United States redeployed in Europe by the way of five groups of atomic divisions.
In order to strengthen the nuclear deterrent force and consolidate the unity of the allies, the Eisenhower administration also tried to
The multilateral nuclear power of the kiosk nuclear weapon was established, but it failed. The Asian allies are facing the question.
The main problem is to consolidate the anti Communist dictatorship is stable, so the United States military aid is not high
Next.
The sixth chapter discusses the policy of the Eisenhower administration to the developing countries in the.50 Era
One of the major events in international politics is that the developing countries are on the political stage; before,
The developing countries do not have an important position in the national security policy of the United States, but the Soviet Union
The strong political and economic offensive forces the United States to change the policies of the developing countries.
The way to aid the Soviet Union is to compete with the Soviet Union, but the effect is less than satisfactory.
The seventh chapter discusses the Eisenhower administration's outer space policy. In Eisenhower di
The relatively weak position of outer space policy in the national security policy during the first term of the term,
The United States did not become the first country to launch a satellite. After the Soviet launch of a satellite, Ai Senhao
The wil government created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and established a new outer space policy document.
A policy goal and a series of action guidelines for leading position. After the United States outer space
The objectives of the policy are to be adjusted to the value of the practical application and scientific research of outer space.
The international legal significance of outer space is the core of the manned space program in practice.
Waver.
The eighth chapter is the conclusion, which briefly summarizes the national security policy of the Eisenhower administration.
The characteristics and historical status of the Soviet bloc are mainly contained in the political and economic means.
The central feature of the Sen Howell administration's national security policy, it to the nation of the later US government
The home security strategy has had a profound impact.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：K712

【引证文献】