战时日本女性的婚姻生活

发布时间：2018-04-17 02:14

本文选题：战争中 + 日本女性　；参考：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：从1931年到1945年战败,日本经历了长达15年的战争。保证战争顺利进行是日本政府的最高国家利益,所有的行政干预管理都以此为中心进行。日本政府为保证战争所必需的人力资源和物资的供给,对社会生活进行了全面干预和管理。作为社会生活一部分的婚姻生活自然也成为日本政府行政干预管理的对象,使构成婚姻生活要素的择偶、结婚、生育、家庭角色等也发生了服从于战争需要的变化。 “满洲事变”爆发以后,开拓团员和伤残军人结婚难成为阻碍战争顺利进行的一大社会问题。为保障战争顺利进行,日本政府及其御用团体设立结婚介绍所,扮演媒人的角色,以公权力对女性的择偶进行干预和诱导,使之与国家最高利益相符,服从与战争需要。日本政府的把结婚作为支援战争“报国”行为的宣传,简朴结婚仪式的提倡,以及对女性特别是出征士兵妻子贞操的管理监视,消除了出征士兵的后顾之忧,使之全力以赴作战并使国内社会秩序安定的同时直接控制了私人领域的婚姻生活。战争的长期化,使日本政府面临兵源补给,国内劳动力不足的难题。为取得战争胜利,增加人口成为必须解决的当务之急。通过把初婚年龄提前三岁,一对夫妻平均五个孩子的人口目标的提出以及优生措施的行政干预,日本政府把女性生育的各个阶段都置于控制之下进行管理。战争引起的人口问题把私人领域的生育问题纳入到公共领域,使日本女性成为作为人口再生产母体的“生育机器”。为取得战争胜利,日本政府更加严格控制国民生活,并于1938年开展了国民精神总动员运动,要求国民从生活的各个方面战争支援。为了让女性全力支援战争,日本政府及其御用妇女团体动员女性踏入社会,参加战争支援活动。以顺从,正直,甘于牺牲为美德的“贤妻良母”的女性理想形象中被加入了战争支援这一要求,培养与“皇国之道”相符合的“皇国民”,把丈夫、儿子送上战场,为国家利益积极支援战争成为女性被要求的作用之一,而且,妻子和母亲的形象被扭曲,被戴上“靖国之妻”、“军国之母”的“光环”,沦为军国主义战争宣传的舆论工具。 “父家长制”之下,婚姻是服从于家族利益的,战争中,家族国家观和军国主义思想的结合达到了顶峰,“家”就是“国”,“国”就是被扩大化的“家”,战争的胜利被提升为国家的最高利益时,婚姻所服从的家族利益理所当然被提升为国家利益。战争中,女性的婚姻生活虽然在诸方面产生了新的形式,但是这些变化基本上都是为了适应侵略战争的需要而产生的,并没有实现婚姻自由和家庭、社会地位的提高。在家族国家观和军国主义思想的统治和国家行政的干预管理之下,通过牺牲自己的婚姻生活去支援战争,在成为军国主义战争牺牲品的同时,在客观上也难免沦为军国主义战争帮凶的命运。本论文由五部分构成。第一章,提出了与本论文研究内容相关的先行研究、研究动机、方法、意义并对与本论文有较强联系的内容解释说明。第二章,围绕日本政府利用行政手段引导日本女性改变择偶标准适应战争需要以及对婚姻管理的加强考察了战争中日本女性的婚姻状况。第三章,战争的长期化使人口“量”的增加与“质”的提高成为战争的要求,以此为背景,考察了行政干预之下日本女性的生育行为。第四章,对行政干预管理下日本女性作为主妇和家庭教育者的家庭角色以及妻子和母亲形象向有利于军国主义战争的方向转变进行了考察。第五章,对战争中日本女性婚姻生活的变化与不变进行总结并提出今后研究课题。
[Abstract]:From 1931 to 1945 defeat, Japan experienced 15 years of war. That war smoothly is the highest national interests of the Japanese government, administrative intervention management all as a center. The Japanese government in order to guarantee the human resources and materials necessary for the supply of war, social life has carried on the comprehensive intervention and management. A part of the social life of marriage naturally become the object of the Japanese government administrative intervention management, constituting a marriage elements spouse, marriage, family, family role has also had the change to obey the needs of the war.
After the "Manchuria incident" broke out, a major social problem and develop members of disabled soldiers difficult marriage become an obstacle to the smooth conduct of the war. In order to guarantee the war smoothly, the Japanese government and the Royal Group set up the wedding, to play matchmaker, to the public power to intervene and induce women to accord with the highest interest. The state, obedience and war needs. The Japanese government to support the war marriage as a "country" behavior of publicity, advocating the simple wedding ceremony, as well as for women especially in the management of monitoring to soldiers wife's chastity, eliminate off soldiers to combat all the menace from the rear, and the stability of social order and the direct control of the private in the field of marriage.
The long war, the Japanese government faces manpower supply, problems of domestic labor shortage. In order to win the war, increasing the population has become a pressing matter of the moment to solve. By the age of the first marriage three years earlier, the administrative intervention for a couple to an average of five children population targets put forward and eugenic measures, the Japanese government under each stage women are placed in the control of management. The population problem caused by the war. The fertility problems in the private sector into the public domain, so that Japanese women become as maternal population reproduction "birth machine".
For victory in the war, the Japanese government more strict control of the national life, and in 1938 launched the national spirit mobilization, the national requirements from all aspects of life. In order to allow women to support the war to support the war, the Japanese government's and women's groups to mobilize women into the community, to participate in the war. In order to support the activities of obedience, integrity, willing to sacrifice for the virtues of the "female image as an understanding wife and loving mother" were joined in the war to support this requirement, training and "imperial road" accord with the nation, the husband and son on the battlefield, for the benefit of the country and actively support the war become one of the women were asked to role and wife and mother the image is distorted, was put on "the wife", "China's mother", "halo", a militaristic war propaganda instrument of public opinion.
"Under the patriarchy, marriage is subordinated to the interests of the family, in the war, with the family country view and militarism reached its peak," home "is the" country "," country "is the expansion of" home ", the victory of the war was promoted to the best interests of the country, marriage obey the interests of the family behoove was promoted to national interests. During the war, women's marriage although in the aspects of generating new forms, but these changes are basically produced in order to meet the needs of the war of aggression, and not by marriage and family, the improvement of social status under the national family. View and militarism rule and state administrative intervention management, by sacrificing their own marriage to support the war, militarism in become victims of war at the same time, objectively also will inevitably become a country in the war The fate of the accomplice.
This paper is composed of five parts.
In the first chapter, we put forward the previous research related to the research content of this paper, research motivation, method, meaning, and explain the content which is strongly related to this paper.
The second chapter, around the Japanese government's use of administrative means to guide Japanese women to change their spouse selection standards, meet the needs of war and strengthen the management of marriage, examines the marital status of Japanese women in the war.
In the third chapter, the long term war makes the increase of population and the improvement of quality become the requirement of war. Based on this background, the birth behavior of Japanese women under administrative intervention is investigated.
The fourth chapter examines the family role of Japanese women as housewives and family educators under the administration intervention, and the transformation of the image of wives and mothers to the militaristic war.
In the fifth chapter, the changes and changes of the Japanese women's marriage life in the war are summarized and the research topics are put forward in the future.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K313

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