十八世纪英国大旅行研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 20:50

本文选题：十八世纪 + 大旅行　；参考：《西北师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：十八世纪英国的大旅行是英国社会文化史上的重要内容,是研究和探寻十八世纪英国社会发展变迁的一个重要切入点。十八世纪大旅行在一系列因素的推动下走向兴盛,这些因素包括:一直以来贵族大旅行的传统;英国这一时期获取官职的政治恩赐制;贵族一直将接受教育当作是维护其权威的手段之一;英国经济的发展促使了在十八世纪出现了一个日益崛起新兴阶层,他们在仿效贵族生活方式和炫耀个人财富的影响下也加入了大旅行的队伍。正是在贵族和新兴阶层的共同参与下,十八世纪的大旅行才呈现出一片繁荣。进入十八世纪大旅行的发展进入了一个鼎盛时期,旅行的线路得以扩展,已不再局限于传统的主要线路,旅行的目的地越来越不同;大旅行参与人员的范围也扩大了,更多贵族以外的阶层也加入到大旅行中,女性也更多的参与了进来;游学的内容也变得更为丰富,除了一直以来学习礼仪、艺术品鉴赏之外,温泉疗养,购买和收藏艺术品也逐渐成为了旅行目的的重要组成部分。随着英国工业革命和法国大革命的先后发生,大旅行的时代背景发生了急剧的变化。英国经济发展的速度远超于过去,随着英国经济的发展和整个欧洲商业的发展,到十八世纪中期英国消费社会初步形成;在工业革命的影响下,过去以古典教育为中心的绅士教育已经不符合时代发展的需要,科学教育和技术教育日益受到重视;工业革命所带来的交通革命,使铁路在英国国内和欧洲大陆普遍铺设开来,形成了连接各地的铁路交通网,交通条件的优化既缩短了旅行的时间也减少了旅行的花费,旅行开始变成一种普遍化和大众化的行为;1789年法国大革命后欧洲的动荡,一方面阻断了前往意大利等国的交通,增加了大旅行途中的风险,另一方面英国畏惧大革命的影响而实行了长期的保守政策,使得大旅行趋于沉寂。交通的发展所带来的旅游业的大众化,使得大旅行所具有的教育功能、满足商品购买需求及游览风景名胜的功能都被弱化,使得大旅行开始衰落。大旅行中英国与欧洲大陆的文化交流,促进了英国社会文化的变迁,使得社会上层的文化风尚日益在整个社会流行、普及。促进了英国图书馆和博物馆的发展,影响了十八世纪英国的建筑及绘画风格,对英国乡村别墅的修建及绅士文化的发展都产生了深远的影响。
[Abstract]:Great British travel in the 18th century is an important content in the history of British social culture and an important entry point for the study and exploration of the social development and changes in England in the 18th century.In the 18th century, great travel flourished under a series of factors, including: the tradition of aristocratic travel, the political gift system of obtaining official posts in England during this period;The aristocrats had always regarded education as one of the means to uphold their authority; the development of the British economy had contributed to the emergence of a rising class in the eighteenth century.Under the influence of imitating the aristocratic way of life and flaunting their personal wealth, they joined in the great journey.It was with the participation of aristocrats and new classes that the great travels of the 18 th century flourished.In the eighteenth century, the development of great travel entered a period of prosperity, and the routes of travel were expanded, no longer limited to the traditional main routes, and the destinations of travel were becoming increasingly different; the range of people involved in large trips was also expanded.More classes other than aristocrats have joined in the big trips, and women have also been more involved. The contents of the study have become more abundant. In addition to the study of etiquette and art appreciation, there has been a spa recuperation.The purchase and collection of works of art has gradually become an important part of the purpose of travel.With the Industrial Revolution in England and the French Revolution in succession, the background of great travel has changed dramatically.The British economy developed much faster than in the past. With the development of the British economy and the development of commerce in Europe as a whole, by the middle of the 18th century, the British consumer society was initially formed. Under the influence of the industrial revolution,In the past, gentleman's education, centered on classical education, was no longer in keeping with the needs of the times, and science and technology education received increasing attention. The revolution in communications brought about by the industrial revolution made railways widely laid in Britain and on the continent of Europe.A network of rail links was formed, and the optimization of transportation conditions shortened the travel time as well as reduced the cost of travel, and travel began to become a generalized and popular act; the turmoil in Europe after the French Revolution in 1789.On the one hand, it blocked the traffic to Italy and other countries, increased the risk of big travel, on the other hand, Britain, afraid of the impact of the Revolution, implemented a long-term conservative policy, which made the big trip quiet.The popularization of tourism brought by the development of transportation makes the educational function of big travel, the function of satisfying the demand of commodity purchase and the function of visiting scenic spots weakened, which makes the big travel begin to decline.The cultural exchange between Britain and the European continent during the big trip promoted the change of British social culture and made the cultural fashion of the upper class of society more and more popular and popular in the whole society.It promoted the development of libraries and museums in England, influenced the architecture and painting style of England in the 18th century, and had a profound influence on the construction of country villas and the development of gentry culture.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K561.4

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