恐惧抑或默许——斯巴达战前海洋战略再考

发布时间：2018-04-19 16:42

本文选题：修昔底德 + 大国竞争　；参考：《世界经济与政治》2017年03期

【摘要】：对于第二次伯罗奔尼撒战争(公元前431年—公元前404年)的爆发原因,修昔底德围绕霸权国的"恐惧"和"被迫"建立因果链条,认为拉栖代梦人对雅典不断增长之权势的恐惧是战争的根本原因。在用来论证这一论题的"五十年叙事"中,修昔底德在与斯巴达海洋战略密切相关的三个细节上分别存在遗漏、错误、混乱。作者根据其他古代文献的比对增补和现当代古典学家的分析研判来处理这三个文本问题,结论是:通过补遗、勘误、梳理所得到的史实方面的几个细节可以勾勒出斯巴达在伯罗奔尼撒大战前的海洋战略概貌,还原"五十年时期"希腊世界海陆分治格局的形成与发展以及斯巴达对这种发展的容忍与默许。这一史实提示我们,应当从更细分的结构层次来看待霸权国与崛起国之间的大国权力竞争。在伯罗奔尼撒战争之前,原有霸权中析出的海权导致作为传统大陆权势的霸权国在战前相当长的一段时期内对崛起国的海洋权势发展保持了默许。
[Abstract]:For the cause of the outbreak of the second Peloponnesian War (431 B.C.-404 BC), Thucydides established a chain of cause and effect around the "fear" and "compulsion" of hegemonic powers.Rachid's fear of Athens's growing power was considered the root cause of the war.In the "Fifty years' narration" used to demonstrate this topic, Thucydides has three details closely related to Spartan's ocean strategy, which are omission, error and confusion respectively.The author deals with these three text problems according to the comparison and supplement of other ancient documents and the analysis and judgment of modern and contemporary classical scholars. The conclusion is that: by means of addenda, corrigendum,Combing through the details of the historical facts, one can outline Sparta's maritime strategy before the Peloponnesian War.To restore the formation and development of the pattern of partition of the sea and land in Greece during the period of 50 years and the tolerance and acquiescence of Sparta to this development.This historical fact suggests that we should look at the power competition between hegemonic and rising powers from a more detailed structure.Before the Peloponnesian War, the sea power separated from the original hegemony led to the acquiescence of the hegemonic power, which was a traditional continental power, to the development of the rising sea power for a long time before the war.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所国际政治理论研究室;
【基金】：上海市社科基金青年项目“古希腊与先秦古典政治思想比较研究”(项目编号:1400038815)的资助
【分类号】：K125

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