论中亚希瓦汗国

发布时间：2018-04-20 00:10

本文选题：花剌子模 + 乌兹别克人　；参考：《史学月刊》2012年12期

【摘要】：16世纪初,乌兹别克人在花剌子模绿洲建立了自己的政权——希瓦汗国。希瓦汗国实施统治四百多年(1512～1920年),其间经历了阿拉布沙希王朝(1512～1804年)和昆格拉特王朝(1804～1920年)。在此时期,希瓦汗国从一个具有强烈部落制残余的政权逐渐成为具有波斯—伊斯兰政权特色的国家,建立了常备军队。在希瓦汗国统治期间,花剌子模绿洲经济得到发展,随着灌溉工程的修建,大批乌兹别克牧民转向农业定居或半定居居民;随着大批乌兹别克人的到来,花剌子模绿洲的一些城市发展起来;随着工农业的发展,希瓦汗国的内外贸易繁荣起来。然而,海路的开辟削弱了汗国的对外贸易和过境贸易,不利影响从17世纪后期开始表现出来,希瓦汗国局限于与周边国家(波斯萨法维王朝和沙皇俄国)的贸易。
[Abstract]:In the early 16 th century, Uzbeks established their own regime in the Kwarizimu Oasis. Shiva khanate ruled for more than 400 years from 1512 to 1920, during which the Alabshahi dynasty (1512 ~ 1804) and the Kungrad dynasty (1804 ~ 1920). During this period, Shiva Khan gradually changed from a regime with a strong tribal system to a state with the characteristics of Persian-Islamic power and established a standing army. During the reign of Shiva Khan, the economy of the Kwarizimu Oasis was developed. With the construction of irrigation projects, a large number of Uzbek herdsmen turned to agricultural settlement or semi-settled inhabitants, and with the arrival of a large number of Uzbeks, Some cities of the Kwarizimu Oasis developed, and with the development of industry and agriculture, the domestic and foreign trade of Shiva Khan flourished. However, the opening of sea routes weakened the foreign trade and transit trade of the khanates, and the adverse effects began to manifest in the late 17th century, and the Shiva khanates were confined to trade with the neighboring countries (the Persian Safavi dynasty and the czarist Russia).
【作者单位】：贵州师范大学历史与政治学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目《中亚史》(08BSS009)阶段性成果
【分类号】：K36

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