内战前和重建时期美国南方的黑人教育与慈善事业

发布时间：2018-04-22 05:28

本文选题：内战 + 南方重建　；参考：《山东师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：内战以后的重建时期,在美国的历史上占有重要的地位。在重建期间,美国的社会发什么很多的变化。美国经济中显示了工业支配农业势力的时代特征,政治上联邦权力扩大,承担更多的社会管理职能。但是历史学界特别是美国的历史学界对于南方重建的这段历史一直存在着争议。本文以南方重建和后重建时期为历史背景,以黑人的教育实现为线索,从对黑人教育的慈善救助为视角,了解在南方重建这段历史。从美国社会各阶层和组织对黑人教育的态度,以及他们所采取的措施和其中的一些演变中来研究南方重建,寻求对南方重建及黑人解放事业的重新认识。第一章是研究综述,介绍了国内外对于美国内战和南方重建的研究。国内的早期研究主要集中于对内战和重建的历史定性上。此后学者们通过其他的视角进一步深入研究内战和南方重建的历史,而不仅仅局限于对这段历史的评价,侧重于对历史全貌的分析和研究,丰富对内战和南方重建的研究。国外学者对待内战和南方重建的评价也不断随着研究方法的变化而提出新的解释,研究逐步扩展到南方社会文化、宗教、族群等领域。第二章内战前的黑人教育状况。内战前慈善事业主要是以宗教的方式介入到黑人教育之中的,教会在其中起到巨大的作用。对待黑人的教育理念上各个教派又有着不同的解释。黑人还在种植园中获得教育。一方面是白人奴隶主为了自己的经济利益的需要而教育黑人,另一方面黑人族群内部也开展慈善自助教育,这种教育方式起到了凝聚黑人族群的作用,但同时这种封闭的教育方式也使得黑人族群逐步内趋而走向封闭,逐步形成了黑人对待教育实现和自我解放的两种方式的分歧。第三章和第四章是本文的主体部分。第三章主要考察南方重建中的各种社会力量在推动黑人教育中所做的努力和成效,其中各种社会力量主要采用慈善救助的形式来实现黑人教育。慈善组织是实现黑人教育重要力量,面对南方重建中复杂的南方社会,不管是建立公共教育体系的建立还是其他黑人院校的建立,黑人教育的实现都不是一帆风顺,面临着各种困难,但是黑人教育实现了内战后的第一次大发展,这一大发展与慈善组织的推动密不可分。第四章介绍后后重建时期,从“失败”的南方重建中看到黑人教育所取得成就,以及黑人教育发展模式中存在的问题。在黑人种族内部,黑人知识分子对黑人教育的模式又存有很大的分歧和争论,这一分歧争论与早期慈善基金会所推广的学校教育方式又有很大关系。正是这一争论不断促使着黑人寻求自我解放道路,黑人在不断斗争中丰富了美国民族精神的内涵。对黑人教育的慈善救助也不断推进美国慈善事业的现代化。
[Abstract]:The reconstruction period after the civil war played an important role in the history of the United States. During the reconstruction, the society of the United States changed much. The American economy showed the characteristics of the era of industrial domination of agriculture, the expansion of political power and more social management functions. But history, especially the history of American history. The history of the reconstruction of the South has been controversial. This article takes the historical background of the reconstruction and post reconstruction of the South as the historical background, with the realization of the black education as the clue, from the perspective of the charitable salvation of the black education, to understand the reconstruction of this history in the South. The measures taken and some of them have been studied in the reconstruction of the south to seek a new understanding of the reconstruction of the South and the cause of black liberation.
The first chapter is a summary of the study, which introduces the domestic and foreign studies on the American Civil War and the reconstruction of the south. The early studies at home are mainly focused on the historical nature of the civil war and reconstruction. After that, the scholars further studied the history of civil war and the reconstruction of the south through other perspectives, not only to the evaluation of this history, and to focus on the history. In the analysis and study of the whole history of the history, the study of civil war and the reconstruction of the South was enriched. The foreign scholars' assessment of civil war and the reconstruction of the South also put forward a new explanation with the change of the research methods. The research gradually expanded to the areas of social culture, religion, and ethnic groups in the south.
The second chapter is the state of the black education before the civil war. Before the civil war, the charitable cause mainly intervened in the black education in the way of religion. The Church played a great role in it. There were different interpretations on the educational ideas of the black people. The black people were also educated in the plantation. On the one hand, the white slave owner for himself. On the other hand, the black ethnic group also carried out self-help education in the black ethnic group. This way of education has played a role in condensing the black ethnic group, but at the same time this closed education also makes the black ethnic group gradually become closed and gradually become two of the black people's realization of the realization of education and self liberation. Differences in the way.
The third chapter and the fourth chapter are the main part of this article. The third chapter mainly examines the efforts and achievements of various social forces in the reconstruction of the south in promoting black education. All kinds of social forces mainly adopt the form of charitable assistance to achieve black education. Charitable organizations are important forces for the realization of black education and face the reconstruction of the south. The complex southern society, whether the establishment of the establishment of public education system or the establishment of other black colleges, is not a smooth sailing, and faces various difficulties. But the black education has realized the first great development after the civil war, which is inseparable from the promotion of the charitable organization.
The fourth chapter introduces the post reconstruction period, and sees the achievements of the black education in the reconstruction of the "failed" south, and the problems in the development model of the black education. In the black race, the black intellectuals have great differences and arguments on the pattern of black education. This disagreement and the early charity foundation are popularized. There is a great relationship between the way of school education. It is this argument that constantly encourages the black to seek the path of self liberation. The black people have enriched the connotation of the American national spirit in the continuous struggle. The charity assistance to the black education has also promoted the modernization of American philanthropy.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712

【共引文献】