美国对芬兰政策研究（1945-1960）

发布时间：2018-04-22 13:43

本文选题：美国 + 芬兰　；参考：《东北师范大学》2008年博士论文

【摘要】： 1945-1960年间,美国对芬兰政策既是其欧洲冷战政策的一个重要组成部分,又有其自身的特殊性。本文以美国国家安全委员会关于芬兰及其他北欧国家的政策文件NSC 2/1、NSC28/1、NSC40、NSC121、NSC5403、NSC5914/1、NSC6024、NSC5426、NSC5712/1、NSC6025、NSC6006/1为核心,探讨杜鲁门政府和艾森豪威尔政府对芬兰政策的形成及演变。本文通过对美国政府解密档案文献的解读,对若干重要历史事件的分析,揭示了美国对芬兰政策从属于美国对苏联政策的实质,指出了杜鲁门政府和艾森豪威尔政府是从针对苏联的美国国家安全战略出发制定芬兰政策,分析了杜鲁门政府和艾森豪威尔政府芬兰政策的一般政策取向和指导思想,进而归纳并总结了美国政府芬兰政策的成因、特点和影响。全文由引言、正文和结论三部分组成。其中,正文分为五章。引言概述国内外学术界有关美国对芬兰及北欧各国政策研究的现状,总结以往的研究成就,指出其不足和问题,在此基础上说明选择本论文题目的理由,说明本研究的学术价值和现实意义,介绍本文的研究方法和框架结构。第一章两次世界大战与美芬的早期交往史。通过对美国与芬兰早期关系的历史考察,指出美国从芬兰独立开始就是从美国对欧洲大国关系的角度考虑芬兰问题。随着美国对世界事务影响力的日益增加,美国对芬兰政策的内容也逐渐丰富起来。双方早期交往所形成的文化积淀,构成了冷战时期美国对芬兰政策的重要元素。第二章杜鲁门政府芬兰政策的确立。本章探讨杜鲁门主义出台后,美国对芬兰政策是怎样纳入对苏冷战轨道的。着重指出1948年“苏芬友好合作互助条约”的签订及苏芬“特殊关系”的形成,对杜鲁门政府芬兰政策的初步形成影响极大。NSC121文件的提出标志着杜鲁门政府对芬兰及北欧地区有了系统的政策设计,表明美国对欧洲的侧翼开始重视起来。第三章艾森豪威尔政府芬兰政策的确立。本章从分析艾森豪威尔政府国家安全基本政策入手,指出“大规模报复”战略和“解放”政策的提出,使得美国对芬兰等“前哨”国家和“边界国家”更加重视。NSC5403文件是一份十分完备的芬兰政策文件。从NSC5403号文件及其众多的进程报告的内容看,艾森豪威尔政府的芬兰政策,在理论上更加系统,意识上更加自觉,措施上更加具体。第四章艾森豪威尔政府芬兰政策的调整。本章分析艾森豪威尔政府芬兰政策调整的原因及其主要内容。NSC5914/1是艾森豪威尔政府芬兰政策的调整,它反映了1956年波匈事件后,美国企图通过芬兰这个所谓“共产主义门口的民主榜样”,吸引东欧各国走“芬兰化”道路、脱离苏联轨道的战略意图。NSC6024文件内容相对简洁,带有某种总结性和为下届政府作政策上交代的用意。第五章美国对北欧其他国家的政策与芬兰。本章从美国地区政策的角度,审视杜鲁门政府和艾森豪威尔政府的北欧国别政策。通过比较美国对北欧诸国的政策,理清其关联性,进一步论述美国对芬兰政策在美国北欧政策中的地位。NSC121/1确定了美国对瑞典、挪威、丹麦和芬兰政策的框架。NSC6006/1则是艾森豪威尔政府制定的一份基本上全面继承了杜鲁门政府对瑞典、挪威、丹麦三国政策的文件。调整之处一是对瑞典的中立主义政策由抵触向接受转变,二是期待三国在防卫事务中和援助第三世界方面分担美国的责任。结论部分概括美国对芬兰政策的特点,分析其成因并论述其影响。
[Abstract]:During the 1945-1960 years, the policy of the United States to Finland was not only an important part of its European cold war policy, but also its own particularity. This article is based on the policy documents of the National Security Council of the United States on Finland and other Nordic countries NSC 2/1, NSC28/1, NSC40, NSC121, NSC5403, NSC5914/1, NSC6024, NSC5426, NSC5712/1, NSC6025, NSC6006/1, The core of this paper is to discuss the formation and evolution of the policy of the Truman government and the Eisenhower government on Finland. Through the interpretation of the documents of the declassified archives of the United States government and the analysis of some important historical events, the article reveals the essence of the policy of the United States to the Soviet Union to the Soviet Union from the United States to the Soviet Union, and points out the Truman and Eisenhower governments. Based on the United States National Security Strategy for the Soviet Union, the Finland policy was formulated, and the general policy orientation and guiding ideology of the Truman administration and the Eisenhower government Finland policy were analyzed, and the causes, characteristics and effects of the Finland policy of the United States government were summarized and summarized.
The full text is composed of three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion. The text is divided into five chapters.
The introduction summarizes the current situation of American academic circles on the policy research of Finland and Northern Europe, summarizes the achievements of the previous research, points out its shortcomings and problems, and on this basis explains the reasons for the selection of the title of the thesis, illustrates the academic value and practical significance of this study, and introduces the research methods and frame structure of this paper.
The first chapter of the two World War and the history of the early communication between the two World War and the United States. Through a historical investigation of the relationship between the United States and the early Finland, it is pointed out that the United States from Finland independence begins with the United States' view of the relationship between the European powers and the United States. With the increasing influence of the United States on the world affairs, the content of the United States' policy on Finland is gradually abundant. The cultural accumulation formed by the early contacts between the two sides constitutes an important element of the US policy toward Finland during the Cold War era.
The second chapter is the establishment of the Finland policy of the Truman administration. This chapter discusses how the American policy of Finland has been incorporated into the Soviet cold war on the basis of the introduction of the Truman doctrine. It emphasizes the signing of the "Sufan friendly cooperation and mutual assistance treaty" in 1948 and the formation of Sufen's "special relationship", which has a great influence on the preliminary formation of the policy of the Truman government in Finland. The presentation of the.NSC121 document marks the Truman administration's systematic policy design for Finland and Nordic Europe, indicating that the United States has begun to attach importance to the flank of Europe.
The third chapter is the establishment of the policy of the Eisenhower government in Finland. This chapter, starting with the analysis of the basic national security policy of the Eisenhower government, points out that the "large-scale retaliation" strategy and the "Emancipation" policy have made the United States pay more attention to the "outpost" and "border countries" of the United States to the ".NSC5403" and "border countries" as a very complete Finn. Blue policy documents. From document NSC5403 and its numerous process reports, the Eisenhower administration's Finland policy is more systematic in theory, more conscious, and more specific in measures.
The fourth chapter is the adjustment of the policy of the Eisenhower government in Finland. This chapter analyzes the reasons for the adjustment of the policy of the Eisenhower government and its main content.NSC5914/1 is the adjustment of the policy of the Eisenhower government in Finland, which reflects the so-called "democratic example of the Communist door" by the United States after the 1956 and the Hungarian events. To attract the countries of Eastern Europe to take the road of "Finland", the strategic intent of.NSC6024's departure from the Soviet Union's orbit is relatively concise, with a certain sum of summary and the meaning of the policy of the next government.
The fifth chapter is the policy of the United States to the other Nordic countries and Finland. This chapter examines the Nordic national policies of the Truman and Eisenhower governments from the perspective of the regional policy of the United States. By comparing the American policy to the Nordic countries, clarify its relevance and further discuss the status of the American policy of Finland in the Nordic policy of the United States.NSC121/1 The framework.NSC6006/1 of the United States to Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland is a document formulated by the Eisenhower administration to basically inherit the Truman administration's policy towards Sweden, Norway and Denmark. The adjustment is to change the neutral policy of Sweden from conflict to acceptance, and the two is to look forward to the defense of the three countries. Affairs and assistance third world share the responsibility of the United States.
The conclusion generalizes the characteristics of the US policy toward Finland, analyzes its causes and discusses its impact.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K712.5

【相似文献】