松方财政改革探析

发布时间：2018-04-23 09:20

本文选题：明治政府 + 松方财政　；参考：《复旦大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 1868年明治维新后日本进入由封建体制向近代资本主义制度转变的重要历史时期。由明治政府所主持进行的一系列政治、经济及社会制度改革促使日本迅速发展,并使它在较短时间内成功地完成了向近代资本主义社会的转变。但在“创造与毁灭并举”的转型过程中,财政问题始终困扰着新生的明治政权,严重地阻碍了近代资本主义的发展。西南战争后,日本政府遭遇严重的财政困难,经济陷入空前危机。自1881年10月起,明治政府开始进行以纸币整理为核心的松方财政改革,确立兑换制度、实现币制统一,从而彻底结束了自明治初期以来的纸币紊乱状态,建立了近代金融及财政体制。囿于资料有限,本文旨在以对松方财政的主要政策措施进行详细的梳理为基础,深入地分析松方财政对其后日本经济发展所起的重要作用,并进一步探讨改革能够取得成功的原因,从而做出客观公正的评价。文章分为引言、正文和结语三部分。其中正文共分三章,分别就政策实施、重要影响及成功原因作详细的阐述。第一章主要分析松方财政之前日本的财政状况以及西南战争后明治政府就解决严重的财政困难所展开的激烈讨论,同时着重介绍了财政改革的主要政策措施,包括纸币整理、官营企业处理、近代银行制的确立等;第二章侧重考察松方财政对日本经济发展所起到的重要作用:加快殖产兴业政策的演变、促进产业革命热潮的出现以及加速农民阶层的分化与没落等;第三章则重点探讨了促使这场财政改革取得成功的原因要素,包括明确的改革目标、坚持“不退转体制”的决心、政治的统一以及务实的政策措施等。结语部分着重强调松方实行的紧缩性政策措施所体现出的与一般紧缩财政不同的特征,从而将其定义为“特殊的紧缩财政”,展现真实的松方财政改革。
[Abstract]:After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, Japan entered an important historical period from feudal system to modern capitalist system. A series of political, economic and social system reforms under the auspices of the Meiji government promoted the rapid development of Japan and enabled it to successfully complete the transformation to modern capitalist society in a relatively short period of time. However, in the process of transformation of "creation and destruction", financial problems have always troubled the new Meiji regime and seriously hindered the development of modern capitalism. After the Southwest War, the Japanese government encountered serious financial difficulties, the economy into an unprecedented crisis. Since October 1881, the Meiji government has begun to carry out the fiscal reform of loose square with paper currency consolidation as the core, establish the exchange system and realize the unification of the currency system, thus completely ending the state of paper currency disorder since the beginning of Meiji. A modern financial and financial system was established. Due to the limited data, this paper aims to analyze the important role of Songfang finance in the subsequent economic development of Japan on the basis of detailed analysis of the main policies and measures of Songfang finance. And further explore the reasons for the success of the reform, so as to make an objective and fair evaluation. The article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text is divided into three chapters, respectively on the implementation of the policy, important impact and success reasons for the detailed elaboration. The first chapter mainly analyzes the Japanese financial situation before Matsumoto's finance and the fierce discussion of the Meiji government to solve the serious financial difficulties after the Southwest War. At the same time, it emphatically introduces the main policy measures of the fiscal reform, including the paper currency consolidation. The second chapter focuses on the important role of Matsui's finance in the development of Japanese economy: accelerating the evolution of the policy of colonization. Promote the emergence of the industrial revolution upsurge and accelerate the division and decline of the peasant stratum, etc. Chapter three focuses on the factors that lead to the success of the financial reform, including clear reform objectives, and the determination of "not going back to the system". Political unity and pragmatic policy measures. In the conclusion part, it is emphasized that the contractionary policy measures adopted by the loose side are different from those of the general austerity finance, and thus it is defined as "special austerity finance", which shows the true fiscal reform of the loose side.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：F813.13;K313.4

【参考文献】