美国国会与中美关系中的“西藏问题”研究（1987-2007）

发布时间：2018-05-03 06:31

本文选题：“西藏问题” + 美国国会　；参考：《东北师范大学》2007年博士论文

【摘要】： “西藏问题”是影响中美关系健康发展的重要因素之一。1987年以来,美国国会逐渐超过行政部门成为干涉中国西藏事务最为活跃的主体。本文以美国《国会记录》等原始档案文献为依据,通过对国会涉藏立法和其它干涉活动进行细致地梳理,试图对1987—2007年间美国国会干涉西藏事务的演变轨迹进行历史分析,进而揭示该过程对美国西藏政策和中美关系产生的影响。除前言及结语外,本论文分为四章。第一章分析了美国国会干涉“西藏问题”的缘起。近代以来,历届美国政府的西藏政策为国会介入西藏事务提供了历史铺垫。从西藏叛乱到拉萨骚乱前后,美国国会对西藏事务的干涉在不断升级,即从个别议员支持达赖集团的分裂活动逐渐发展为利用“西藏人权问题”直接干涉中国内政。第二章着重探讨了第100—101届国会期间美国国会干涉西藏事务的早期立法活动。以众议院第2476号议案为起点,国会开始通过立法手段插手西藏事务,其立法活动的目标是将美国对华政策与“西藏问题”挂钩。其立法内容主要包括以“西藏人权问题”为借口“制裁”中国和援助达赖集团。在此过程中,美国媒体起了推波助澜的作用。第三章阐述了冷战结束后美国国会关于“西藏问题”的立法活动。受“新干涉主义”思维驱动,美国国会干涉“西藏问题”的广度和深度都超过了老布什政府。美国国会在最惠国待遇问题、“西藏历史地位”以及“西藏人权”等问题上通过了一系列干涉西藏事务的决议案。第四章探讨了世纪之交美国国会对西藏事务的新干涉。进入新世纪,国会对西藏事务的干涉呈现出常态化和机制化的新特征。《2002年西藏政策法》的出台,标志着美国国会涉藏立法进入了一个新阶段。论文的结语部分剖析了美国国会干涉西藏事务的深层原因,包括:“天定使命”情结、意识形态、国家利益、议员自身原因及其“西藏观”的偏误。国会运用立法权、拨款权、听证会等主要途径对美国政府的西藏政策施加了不容忽视的影响。美国国会干涉西藏事务还对中美关系产生了消极的影响,它不仅使美国对中国所谓“侵犯西藏人权问题”的指责长期存在,而且也在很大程度上助长了达赖集团在国外的分裂活动。
[Abstract]:"Tibet issue" is one of the important factors affecting the healthy development of Sino-US relations. Since 1987, the United States Congress has gradually surpassed the executive branch to become the most active subject of interference in China's Tibet affairs. Based on the original archival documents of the United States "Congressional Records", this paper attempts to make a historical analysis of the evolution of the American Congress's intervention in Tibet affairs from 1987 to 2007 through a detailed analysis of the legislation and other interference activities of the Congress concerning Tibet. Furthermore, it reveals the influence of this process on American Tibet policy and the relationship between China and the United States. In addition to the preface and conclusion, this paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter analyzes the origin of the intervention of the US Congress in the Tibet issue. Since modern times, the Tibet policy of successive American governments has provided a historical basis for Congress to intervene in Tibet affairs. Before and after the rebellion in Tibet and the riots in Lhasa, the US Congress's interference in Tibet affairs has been continuously escalating, that is, from the separatist activities of individual members supporting the Dalai clique to the use of the "Tibet human rights issue" to directly interfere in China's internal affairs. The second chapter focuses on the early legislative activities of the US Congress interfering in Tibet during the 100-101 Congress. With House bill 2476 as the starting point, Congress began to intervene in Tibet affairs through legislative means, and its legislative activities aimed to link the US policy towards China with the "Tibet issue." Its legislation mainly includes "sanctions" against China and assistance to the Dalai clique under the pretext of "human rights in Tibet." In the process, the American media played a role in fuelling the flames. Chapter three describes the legislative activities of the US Congress on the Tibet issue after the end of the Cold War. Driven by neo-interventionism, the U.S. Congress interferes with the Tibet issue in scope and depth beyond the Bush administration. The US Congress passed a series of resolutions to interfere in Tibet's affairs on the issues of MFN status, "historical status of Tibet" and "human rights in Tibet." Chapter four discusses the new intervention of the US Congress in Tibet affairs at the turn of the century. In the new century, the intervention of Congress in Tibet affairs presents a new characteristic of normality and institutionalization. The promulgation of the Tibet Policy Law of 2002 marks a new stage in the legislation of the United States Congress concerning Tibet. The conclusion of the paper analyzes the deep reasons why the US Congress interferes in Tibet affairs, including the complex of "destiny and mission", ideology, national interests, the reasons of the congressman and the bias of the "view of Tibet". Congress exerts legislative power, appropriation power, hearing and other main channels to exert an important influence on the US government's Tibet policy. The interference of the US Congress in Tibet affairs has also had a negative impact on Sino-US relations. It has not only perpetuated US accusations of "violating human rights in Tibet". It also greatly encourages the Dalai clique's separatist activities abroad.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712.54

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