1945-2009年澳大利亚对外援助研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 12:30

本文选题：对外援助 + 澳大利亚对外援助项目　；参考：《华东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代意义上的对外援助始于美国1948年发起的“马歇尔计划”旨在复兴西欧国家的经济。澳大利亚在二战前就开始对巴布亚新几内亚进行援助,但是现代意义上的澳大利亚海外援助项目是以1950年发起的“科伦坡计划”为起始的。从20世纪40年代中期到21世纪10年代早期,澳大利亚海外援助项目已走过了60多年的发展历程。在2000年9月召开的“千年目标峰会”上,联合国成员国一致同意在2015年前实现八大“千年发展目标”。此后八大“千年发展目标”成为各国对外援助活动的总体指导方针。澳大利亚也因而成为全球发展问题中的利益攸关者,原因是其邻近的亚太地区正是实现宏大千年发展目标的巨大挑战。目前,澳大利亚在亚太地区的作用已得到全世界的认可,特别是其对巴布亚新几内亚的援助项目无可匹敌,因此也被称为是世界上对某一国进行的最集中的对外援助项目。本文试图对澳大利亚海外援助项目自二战以来的发展进行研究。首先总体介绍澳大利亚的海外援助项目。在此背景下,将二战以来澳大利亚海外援助项目的发展分为四个阶段详细研究,在充分论证和合理推理的基础上总结澳大利亚海外援助项目在每个阶段的特征。这些特征分别是：早期阶段(1945-1949)；形成阶段(1950-1969)；成熟阶段(1970-1989)以及重新调整阶段(1990-2009)。在形成了一个相对较为完整的澳大利亚海外援助项目之后,中国被作为一个案例来进一步研究澳大利亚对特定国别的援助及产生的结果。
[Abstract]:Foreign aid in the modern sense began with the Marshall Plan, launched by the United States in 1948, aimed at reviving the economies of Western European countries. Australia began giving aid to Papua New Guinea before World War II, but the modern Australian overseas aid program began with the Colombo Initiative launched in 1950. From the mid-1940s to the early October of the 21st century, Australia's overseas aid projects have gone through more than 60 years of development. At the Millennium Summit in September 2000, UN members agreed to achieve the eight Millennium Development goals by 2015. Since then, the eight Millennium Development goals have become the overall guidelines for countries' foreign aid activities. Australia has thus become a global development stakeholder because its neighbouring Asia-Pacific region is a formidable challenge to achieving the ambitious Millennium Development goals. At present, Australia's role in the Asia-Pacific region has been recognized all over the world, especially its aid program to Papua New Guinea is unmatched, so it is also regarded as the most concentrated foreign aid program to a certain country in the world. This paper attempts to study the development of Australia's overseas aid program since World War II. First of all, an overview of Australia's overseas aid program. In this context, the development of Australian overseas aid projects since World War II is divided into four stages of detailed study, and on the basis of full argument and reasonable reasoning, the characteristics of Australian overseas aid projects in each stage are summarized. These characteristics are: early stage (1945-1949); formative stage (1950-1969); mature stage (1970-1989); and readjustment stage (1990-2009). After forming a relatively complete Australian overseas aid program, China is used as a case study to further study Australia's aid to a specific country and its results.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K611

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