试论英国都铎王朝前期枢密院体制的确立

发布时间：2018-05-10 21:44

本文选题：英国 + 都铎王朝　；参考：《辽宁大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 都铎王朝统治时期是英国从封建社会到资本主义社会的过渡转型期。在这期间,英国在经济、政治等社会生活的诸多方面正发生着巨大而深刻的变化。在政治体制方面,英国的政府机构开始向近代过渡,而枢密院制度的确立则是这种过渡的具体表现形式之一。枢密院这一机构的建立和发展经历了一个相当漫长的历史过程。通过近一个世纪的演变,枢密院终于从一个建制简单、分工不明的中世纪贵族团体(咨议会)进化为最具权威的中央常驻行政机构。都铎王朝早期,国王的枢密院已经成为了职能广泛、组织严密、运转高效的中央行政权力中枢。这时的枢密院一方面秉承圣意、为王负责;另一方面,它逐渐脱离了宫廷家天下的模式,它的改革推动了中央政府机构朝着制度化、专业化、近代化的模式演变。同时枢密院的建立与改革同后来英国的责任内阁制的发展存在着历史的联系。本文遵循历史与逻辑相统一的基本原则,对英国都铎王朝早期的枢密院体制进行研究。通过历史与逻辑,史料与分析,综合与比较相结合的方法讨论这一时期枢密院体制的确立过程以及它的主要职能、特点和影响。全文结构及主要内容如下: 第一章,序言。对选题的缘起、该课题的研究状况、选题意义的介绍。第二章,都铎王朝早期枢密院体制确立的条件。在这一部分里,主要对枢密院的前身——御前会议和咨议会进行了具体的描述,进而从历史沿革这一角度揭示了都铎早期枢密院制度确立的组织基础。第三章,都铎王朝早期枢密院体制的确立。作为本文的重点,这一章主要介绍了英国枢密院体制确立的历史条件、作者对英国枢密院体制确立时间的看法、从咨议会到枢密院的具体演变过程以及克伦威尔与枢密院改革这四个大问题。从宏观和微观两个角度分析了英国都铎王朝早期枢密院的主要职能,组织形式以及克伦威尔本人与枢密院之间的微妙关系。第四章,都铎王朝前期枢密院体制的特点及其历史作用。这一部分主要是对前面内容的一个总结和概括,目的还在于对前文具体分析的基础上进行概括与综合,从而得出更加理性化,更具指导性的结论。结束语:在这一部分中,主要是以枢密院体制为着眼点,变换角度,重新审视中央政府机构设置与运转的问题。其目的还是在于揭示出枢密院这一机构在国家权力结构中所起的作用,近而说明这一选题的历史与现实的意义。
[Abstract]:The Tudor period was a transitional period from feudal society to capitalist society. During this period, great and profound changes are taking place in many aspects of social life, such as economy, politics and so on. In the political system, the British government began to transition to modern times, and the establishment of the Privy Council system is one of the concrete forms of this transition. The establishment and development of the Privy Council went through a long history. After nearly a century of evolution, the Privy Council finally evolved from a simple medieval aristocratic body with unclear division of labor to the most authoritative central resident administration. In the early Tudor dynasty, the King's Privy Council had become a central administrative center with wide functions, tight organization and efficient operation. On the one hand, the Privy Council was responsible for the king. On the other hand, it gradually broke away from the model of the imperial court. Its reform promoted the central government to institutionalize, professionalize, and modernize the model. At the same time, the establishment and reform of the Privy Council had a historical connection with the development of the responsible cabinet system in Britain. Following the basic principle of the unity of history and logic, this paper studies the Privy Council system in the early Tudor Dynasty. Through the methods of history and logic, historical data and analysis, synthesis and comparison, this paper discusses the establishment of the Privy Council system in this period and its main functions, characteristics and influences. The structure and main contents of the paper are as follows: Chapter I, preamble. The origin of the topic, the status of the topic, the significance of the introduction of the topic. Chapter two, the conditions of the establishment of the Privy Council system in the early Tudor Dynasty. In this part, the predecessor of the Privy Council, the Royal Council and the Advisory Council, are described in detail, and the organizational basis of the establishment of Tudor's early Privy Council system is revealed from the perspective of historical evolution. The third chapter, the establishment of the early Tudor Privy Council system. As the focus of this paper, this chapter mainly introduces the historical conditions of the establishment of the Privy Council system in Britain, and the author's views on the time of the establishment of the Privy Council system in the United Kingdom. From the Advisory Council to the Privy Council the specific evolution of the process and Cromwell and the Privy Council reform of the four major issues. This paper analyzes the main functions, organizational forms and subtle relations between Cromwell himself and the Privy Council in the early Tudor Dynasty. Chapter four, the characteristics and historical function of the Privy Council system in the early Tudor Dynasty. This part is a summary and generalization of the previous content, and the purpose is to generalize and synthesize on the basis of the previous concrete analysis, so as to arrive at a more rational and instructive conclusion. Conclusion: in this part, the system of the Privy Council is the focus of the change of perspective, re-examine the establishment and operation of central government institutions. Its purpose is to reveal the role of the Privy Council in the structure of state power, and to explain the historical and practical significance of this topic.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K561.3

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