18世纪末至19世纪中期俄国农奴制的剥削程度新论

发布时间：2018-05-11 18:54

本文选题：俄国 + 农奴制　；参考：《史学月刊》2017年02期

【摘要】：18世纪末至19世纪中期,俄国农奴制的主要剥削形式是代役制和劳役制。根据对劳役制下农民份地与地主自营地的数量变化和相互比例、农民为地主服劳役的时间的分析,以及对代役制下农民的各项租税及其农副业收入的变化的辨析,可以发现,虽然因为地主数量的增长、地主经济的扩张、地主消费和债务规模的扩大,农奴制的剥削程度确实有所提高,但由于地主对农民的剥削面临着一系列的约束,因此这种剥削程度并不像传统认为的那样沉重。1861年前,农奴制经济并未丧失发展潜力,农奴制经济危机并非是衰退性危机,而是结构性危机和转型危机。正是这种结构性危机和战争失败后的国家政治危机,最终导致了19世纪中期沙皇政府废除农奴制。
[Abstract]:From the end of the 18 th century to the middle of the 19th century, the main forms of exploitation of serfdom in Russia were subservience and servitude. Based on the analysis of the quantity change and mutual proportion between peasants' land and landlords' self-camp under the system of servitude, the analysis of the time of peasants' servitude as landlords, and the differentiation of the various taxes of peasants under the system of substitute service and the change of their income from agricultural and sideline work, it can be found that, Although the exploitation of serfdom has indeed increased as a result of the increase in the number of landlords, the expansion of their economy, and the expansion of their consumption and debt, the exploitation of the peasants by the landlords faces a series of constraints. Before 1861, the serfdom economy did not lose its development potential. The serfdom economic crisis was not a recession crisis, but a structural crisis and a transition crisis. It was this structural crisis and the national political crisis after the defeat of the war that led to the abolition of serfdom by the czar government in the mid-19th century.
【作者单位】：吉林大学东北亚研究院历史与文化研究所;
【分类号】：K512.34

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