加纳经济恢复与结构调整（1983年至90年代中期）

发布时间：2018-05-12 22:06

本文选题：加纳 + 改革　；参考：《上海师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：经济复兴计划(Economic Recovery Program)与经济结构调整计划(Structural Adjustment Program)是加纳罗林斯政府在面临国家经济多年下滑并面临可能崩溃的背景,与国际社会合作,得到世界银行与国际货币基金组织及个人等贷款和援助以及监督、指导下进行的。加纳政府于1983年开始实施经济恢复项目至90年代中期,采取了一系列措施,如大力发展粮食和可可生产,增加对农业的投入；努力增加出口,尤其是传统的矿产品和木材的出口;紧缩开支,抑制通货膨胀；大力调整经济政策,争取国际援助和吸收外资措施。经过三年多的恢复与发展,加纳经济十多年来的倒退趋势得到扭转,传统出口产品的出口量明显增加,创汇也增加了。1984年至1986年,经济年平均增长率达到6%,远高于其它非洲国家。通货膨胀率得到有效控制,从1983年的122%,降至1984的40%以及1985年的10%。从1987年开始,加纳开始实施经济结构调整计划,目标是：年经济增长率要达到5%至5.5%的水平,人均收入年增长率不低于1.5%。为此,政府进行了相关结构调整与改革：国有企业改革；大力扶持中小私营企业的壮大和发展；开放外汇市场;贸易自由化等措施。改革收益显著：1983年至1991年财政连年无赤字,国内生产总值年增长率达到5%,1994年被联合国取消“世界最不发达国家”称谓。从1983年开始至1994年改革基本告一段落,之后十数载加纳经济继续向前发展。自1984年至2011年,加纳经济增长率连续27年保持在5%左右,虽然发展速度不是很快,但是发展稳定,实现了多党选举,政局趋稳。2011年国内生产总值增长达到13.6%,加纳经济看好。论文分四个部分对加纳经济恢复与经济结构调整改革进行论述分析：第一部分主要介绍改革的历史背景,剖析加纳改革前十多年经济及各方面的发展情况以及世界银行、国际货币基金组织和加纳改革的关系；论文第二部分论述了改革的具体内容与措施,诸如政府角色、国有企业改革与发展、财政与预算改革、银行业和货币改革等；第三部分论述了经济改革实施的效果。文章最后是本文的结语,指出改革的成就、问题和前景。
[Abstract]:Economic Recovery Program and structural Adjustment Program are the background of Ghana's Rawlings government, which is working with the international community in the face of years of economic decline and possible collapse of the country's economy. By the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and individuals and other loans and assistance and supervision, under the guidance of. The Government of Ghana began implementing the Economic recovery Project in 1983 and, by the mid-1990s, adopted a number of measures, such as vigorous development of food and cocoa production, increased inputs to agriculture, and efforts to increase exports, Especially traditional mineral products and timber exports; retrenchment of expenditure to curb inflation; vigorously adjust economic policies, international aid and foreign capital absorption measures. After more than three years of recovery and development, the backward trend of Ghana's economy for more than a decade has been reversed, and the export volume of traditional export products has increased markedly, and foreign exchange earnings have also increased. From 1984 to 1986, The average annual growth rate of the economy is 6%, much higher than that of other African countries. Inflation was effectively controlled, falling from 122 percent in 1983 to 40 percent in 1984 and 10 percent in 1985. Since 1987, Ghana has been implementing a structural adjustment program, which aims to achieve an annual economic growth rate of 5 percent to 5.5 percent and an annual per capita income growth rate of not less than 1.5 percent. Therefore, the government has carried on the related structural adjustment and reform: the state-owned enterprise reform; vigorously supports the small and medium-sized private enterprise's growth and the development; opens the foreign exchange market; the trade liberalization and so on measures. The reform gains are remarkable: from 1983 to 1991, there was no deficit in fiscal year after year, and the annual growth rate of GDP reached 5%. In 1994, the designation "the least developed countries of the world" was cancelled by the United Nations. The reforms were basically over from 1983 to 1994, and Ghana's economy continued to move forward for more than a decade. From 1984 to 2011, Ghana's economic growth rate has remained at about 5 percent for 27 consecutive years. Although the growth rate is not very fast, it has developed steadily, achieved multi-party elections and achieved political stability. The GDP growth rate reached 13.6 percent in 2011, and Ghana's economy is optimistic. The thesis is divided into four parts: the first part mainly introduces the historical background of Ghana's economic recovery and economic restructuring reform, analyzes the economic and various aspects of Ghana's economic development in the first ten years of reform and the World Bank. The second part discusses the specific contents and measures of the reform, such as the role of government, the reform and development of state-owned enterprises, the reform of finance and budget, the reform of banking and currency, etc. The third part discusses the effect of economic reform. The last part of the article is the conclusion of this paper, pointing out the achievements, problems and prospects of the reform.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K445;F144.5

【参考文献】