近代早期英国咖啡馆文化研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 20:18

  本文选题：英格兰 + 近代早期　； 参考：《东北师范大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：起源于东方的咖啡饮品,在17世纪中叶的英国,催生出一种新的极具近代早期时代特色的咖啡馆文化。显而易见,本文无意探究作为纯粹饮食的咖啡制作及其感官体验,而是着意考察英国人经由聚饮咖啡,在咖啡馆这一"民间公共领域"的话语表达及其所反映的社会变象。近代早期的英国咖啡馆是新兴的公共政治领域。作为民间议政中心,各政治倾向的俱乐部时常在咖啡馆内对政治、宗教等严肃话题进行讨论,出现了一群"咖啡馆政治家"。咖啡馆顾客谈论共和、自由、平等,批评国王和大臣,甚至反对君主制。过度的言论自由与政治诉求引起了王权猜忌,17世纪70年代导致了咖啡馆民众和王权之间的激烈碰撞。咖啡馆见证了近代英国新经济形态的形成。咖啡馆作为一个新兴商业实体,它既参与了经济生活,又为商人们提供了一个较好的商业洽谈环境。咖啡馆也成为商品的拍卖场和一些金融机构的诞生地,如伦敦证券交易所即是起源于咖啡馆。一些专业化的新兴职业也在咖啡馆内诞生以便满足经济发展的需要,如股票经纪人等。咖啡馆是民间的知识生产与舆论交换集散地。牛津大学等名校的学者在校园围墙之外找到了轻松谈论学术话题的圈子,中产阶级在这所"便士大学"中追求一种新的知识生活体验,"雅士"和"才子"等社会知识群体聚集于此讨论新知。当然,咖啡馆也是各种八卦与谣言的诞生地和中转站,各种具有鲜明阶层性的民间信息在咖啡馆内汇聚成极具时代特色的舆论漩涡。咖啡馆中还初步约定了近代英国社会交往模式,见证了社会转型期的各种社会风尚的碰撞。在咖啡馆的民间交往实践中,形成了一个强调平等、多元、开放与包容的社交圈,文雅社交模式和斯文生活哲学在这里成型。当然,与主流和日渐强势的优雅风范相悖,带有异域风情、底层趣味的"无礼"之举亦在咖啡馆粉墨登场,男权空间中对异性的介入进行了微妙的回应,咖啡馆中的风尚碰撞反应了英国近代文明教化的复杂历程。以"民间公共领域"的观察视域,借鉴"新文化史"的研究取向,对英国咖啡馆文化进行"厚描"式的历史管窥,或将有助于放大近代早期英国社会转型的微观与细节,从一个侧面呈现近代西方文明的发展趋向。
[Abstract]:Coffee drinks originated from the East, in England in the middle of the 17th century, gave birth to a new coffee shop culture with the characteristics of the early modern times. It is obvious that this paper does not intend to explore the coffee making and its sensory experience as a pure diet, but rather to examine the expressions and social changes reflected by the British in the "folk public sphere" of coffee shops through coffee rallies. The early modern English caf 茅 was a new field of public politics. As the center of folk politics, the clubs of various political tendencies often discuss politics, religion and other serious topics in cafes, and a group of "caf 茅 politicians" appear. Caf 茅 customers talk about republicanism, freedom, equality, criticism of kings and ministers, and even opposition to monarchy. Excessive freedom of speech and political demands have led to Wang Quan suspicion that the 1770 s led to a fierce clash between the people of cafes and the Wang Quan. The caf 茅 witnessed the formation of the new economic form in modern England. As a new business entity, cafes not only participate in economic life, but also provide a better business environment for businessmen. Cafes have also become the birthplace of goods and financial institutions, such as the London Stock Exchange. Specialised new professions, such as stockbrokers, have been created in cafes to meet the needs of the economy. The coffee shop is the folk knowledge production and the public opinion exchange collection and distribution center. Scholars at prestigious universities such as Oxford have found an easy circle of academic topics beyond the walls of the campus. The middle class seeks a new intellectual life experience in the Penny University, where social knowledge groups such as Yashi and Talent gather to discuss new knowledge. Of course, the cafe is also the birthplace and transit station of all kinds of gossip and rumors. The coffeehouse also preliminarily agreed on the modern British social communication mode, witnessed the collision of various social styles in the social transition period. In the practice of folk communication in cafes, a social circle with emphasis on equality, pluralism, openness and tolerance was formed. Of course, contrary to the mainstream and increasingly powerful elegance, with exotic amorous feelings, the "rudeness" of the bottom interest also appeared in the coffee shop, and the masculine space made a subtle response to the involvement of the opposite sex. The fashion collision in the coffee shop reflects the complex course of civilization and civilization in modern England. From the perspective of the "folk public domain" and the research orientation of "New Cultural History", a "thick drawing" of the British caf 茅 culture may be helpful to enlarge the micro and details of the social transformation in the early modern times. The development trend of modern western civilization is presented from one side.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K561.4
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本文编号：1884659