尼克松政府时期美国对沙特阿拉伯的政策

发布时间：2018-05-14 05:32

本文选题：尼克松政府 + 沙特阿拉伯　；参考：《东北师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文以美国解密文献和档案为基础,主要研究和考察尼克松政府时期美国对沙特阿拉伯的外交政策。1969年尼克松上台时,美国在中东的外交面临着前所未有的困境和挑战。一、因为不满美国在第三次中东战争中偏袒以色列的做法,众多阿拉伯前线国家纷纷与美国断交;二、苏联趁机加强了与激进阿拉伯国家的联系,苏联势力进一步渗入中东;三、阿以僵局看不到解决的希望,中东的上空战云密布;四、美国的盟友英国撤出其在海湾地区的势力存在。为了填补英国留下来的真空,抵制苏联势力渗透,维护美国在中东地区的利益,美国制定和实施了一项新的海湾政策,即扶植和依靠海湾两大国伊朗和沙特的“双柱”政策。在第四次中东战争以前,尼克松政府的中东政策就是大力援助以色列,保证以色列拥有足够强大的军事力量对抗外来入侵,从而抵制苏联对中东地区的进一步渗透。因此,在阿以谈判中,美国采取偏袒以色列的政策。对沙特,美国只是将其当作在海湾的经济支柱,运用沙特庞大的经济诱导力量,起到中东稳定器的作用。在政治上并没有给沙特以足够的重视,在第四次中东战争爆发后,尼克松政府不顾沙特等众多国家的反对,坚持向以色列提供军事援助导致战局逆转,沙特阿拉伯立刻号召阿拉伯产油国共同对美国实施石油禁运。石油禁运引发西方国家的能源危机,严重打击了西方的经济,沙特阿拉伯的地位大幅提升。美国不得不对沙特刮目相看,在政治和军事领域也开始重视与沙特开展合作,并积极与沙特发展“特殊关系”,开辟了美沙关系的新时代。全文共由四部分组成: 引言:主要对本文研究的对象、内容、国内外学术界关于这一问题研究的大体现状及研究这一问题的学术意义和应用价值进行说明。正文:具体阐述尼克松政府时期美国对沙特阿拉伯外交政策的背景及政策。第一部分:着重讲述尼克松上台前后美国对沙特阿拉伯政策的背景。首先回顾了从富兰克林·罗斯福时代开始,美沙两国开始交往以来,美国历届政府对沙特阿拉伯的外交政策。接着说到第三次中东战争以后,尼克松上台时,由于中东形势变化,美国在中东的外交面对的环境背景以及沙特阿拉伯在中东地位的变化。第二部分:论文就尼克松政府初期美国沙特阿拉伯的外交政策展开论述,先是论述沙特阿拉伯的战略意义,接着介绍尼克松政府借助沙特在海湾地区实施双柱政策,讲述沙特阿拉伯在美国双柱政策中的地位和作用。第三部分:论文就十月战争后,尼克松政府调整对沙特阿拉伯外交政策,与沙特阿拉伯发展特殊关系进行论述。第四次中东战争,沙特阿拉伯对偏袒以色列的美国实施“石油禁运”,引发世界能源危机,对美沙关系发展产生重要影响。沙特阿拉伯的国际地位迅速提升,美国政府通过一系列措施积极与沙特阿拉伯发展特殊关系。第四部分:总结美国对沙特阿拉伯政策的特点,分析沙特阿拉伯在美国中东战略中的地位与作用,评析决定和影响美国对沙特阿拉伯政策的因素。结束语:简要点评尼克松政府对沙特阿拉伯的外交政策及其对美沙关系产生的影响。
[Abstract]:On the basis of the United States declassified documents and archives, this paper mainly studies and examines the Nixon administration of the Nixon administration during the period of the United States' diplomatic policy to Saudi Arabia, when Nixon came to power in the Middle East, the United States faced unprecedented difficulties and challenges in the Middle East diplomacy. One, because of the dissatisfaction of the United States in favour of Israel in the third Middle East war. Arabia frontline countries have broken diplomatic relations with the United States; two, the Soviet Union took the opportunity to strengthen ties with the radical Arabia countries, the Soviet forces further infiltrated into the Middle East; three, the Arab Israeli deadlock could not be seen in the Middle East. Four, the United Kingdom of the United States withdrew its presence in the Gulf. The vacuum, resisting the penetration of the Soviet forces and maintaining the interests of the United States in the Middle East, the United States has formulated and implemented a new Gulf policy, namely, to support and rely on the "double column" policy of Iran and Saudi Arabia, the two great powers of the Gulf. Before the Fourth Middle East War, the Nixon administration's central and Eastern policy was to help Israel to support Israel. Therefore, in the Arab Israeli negotiations, the United States adopted a policy of favoring Israel in the Arab Israeli negotiations. For Saudi Arabia, the United States was only regarded as the economic pillar of the Gulf and used Saudi Arabia's huge economic inducement to play a role in the Middle East stabilizer. Saudi Arabia did not pay enough attention to it politically. After the fourth Middle East War, the Nixon administration, regardless of the opposition of Saad and other countries, insisted on providing military assistance to Israel to reverse the war. Saudi Arabia immediately called on the Arabia oil producing countries to jointly implement the oil embargo in the United States. The oil embargo caused the western countries. The energy crisis has severely compromised the western economy, and the status of Saudi Arabia has greatly improved. The United States has to look at Saudi Arabia, and in the political and military fields, also began to attach importance to cooperation with Saudi Arabia, and actively develop "special relations" with Saudi Arabia, opening a new era of the relationship between the United States and the United States.
The full text consists of four parts:
Introduction: the main object of the study, the content, the domestic and foreign academia on the general status of the research on this issue and the academic significance and application value of the study of this problem.
Main body: the background and policy of US foreign policy towards Saudi Arabia during the Nixon administration were elaborated.
The first part focuses on the background of the United States' policy to Saudi Arabia before and after Nixon came to power. First, it reviews the foreign policy of the U. S. government to Saudi Arabia since the beginning of the Franklin Roosevelt period. After the third Sino Eastern war, when Nixon came to power, Nixon was in the Middle East. The change of the US environment in the Middle East and the change of Saudi Arabia's status in the Middle East.
The second part: the thesis discusses the diplomatic policy of Saudi Arabia in the early days of Nixon administration, first to discuss the strategic significance of Saudi Arabia, and then to introduce the Nixon administration's dual column policy in the Gulf region, and to describe the role and role of Saudi Arabia in the dual policy policy of the United States.
The third part: after the October war, the Nixon administration adjusted the Saudi Arabian foreign policy and the special relationship with Saudi Arabia. The fourth Middle East War, Saudi Arabia imposed the "oil embargo" on the United States which favors Israel, caused the world's energy crisis and had an important impact on the development of the United States and Saudi relations. Arabia's international status has increased rapidly, and the US government has been developing a special relationship with Saudi Arabia through a series of measures.
The fourth part: summing up the characteristics of the United States' policy on Saudi Arabia, analyzing the status and role of Saudi Arabia in the Middle East Strategy of the United States, and evaluating the factors that determine and influence the United States policy on Saudi Arabia.
Conclusion: briefly commented on the Nixon administration's foreign policy towards Saudi Arabia and its impact on the relationship between the United States and Saudi Arabia.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712.54

【引证文献】