试论二战中欧洲大国在叙利亚和黎巴嫩的争夺

发布时间：2018-05-14 06:24

本文选题：二战 + 欧洲大国　；参考：《西北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪初,英法两国在大叙利亚的基本态势与二者对中东地区的战略诉求紧密相关。因为掌握经由苏伊士运河通往印度航道的主动权以及获取波斯湾北部的石油开采权是英国政府实现全球战略的关键,而凭借经济渗透、政治扶持、文化传播这三大支柱使法国继续成为“文明使命”的传播者以及英国的有力抗衡者则是法兰西民族在中东地区的战略目标。一战结束后,为了最大限度地攫取奥斯曼帝国的东地中海领土,在国际联盟的主持下英国和法国在大叙利亚建立了委任统治,而法国“分而治之”的委任统治对叙利亚和黎巴嫩在二战中战略态势的演变有着重大影响。二战爆发后,随着意大利的参战以及法国的败降,叙黎两地落入法西斯国家与法国委任统治当局的双重控制之下,这就意味着东地中海地区的战略抉择关系到同盟国与轴心国谁将掌握中东战场的主导权。而且法国的战败标志着在同一历史时期内,贝当元帅组建的维希法国政权与戴高乐领导的自由法国运动并存,二者虽作为相互制衡的对立方,但双方与英国在叙黎的战略利益存在着难以调和的冲突。同时,轴心国为了确保地缘优势也加强了对叙利亚和黎巴嫩的宣传与渗透,伊拉克爆发的反英起义则是纳粹势力承诺支持叙黎赢得民族独立的间接产物,此次起义遭到了英国政府的严厉镇压。面对中东侧翼日益膨胀的亲德倾向,英国和自由法国决定联合实施出兵叙黎的“输出商”作战计划,而为了在政治上巩固双方在东地中海地区的战略优势,二者以允许叙黎两地通过民主选举获得民族独立的方式再度实现了控制叙黎的目的。但建立民族政府的叙利亚和黎巴嫩在法黎、法叙矛盾不断激化的背景下以及英美等国和国际社会的共同帮助下,最终得以摆脱法国委任统治的束缚并赢得国家独立与主权。为了尽快实现阿拉伯民族的统一,叙黎两国积极参与阿拉伯国家联盟的筹建工作,这极大地促进了中东地区民族解放运动的发展。
[Abstract]:In the early twentieth Century, the basic situation of Britain and France in great Syria was closely related to the strategic demands of the two in the Middle East. For mastering the initiative through the Suez canal to the India channel and obtaining the oil exploitation right in the north of the Persian Gulf were the key to the British government to realize the global strategy, with economic infiltration, political support and culture. The spread of these three pillars made France a propagator of the "mission of civilization" and the powerful counterbalance of the United Kingdom was the strategic goal of the French nation in the Middle East. After the end of the first World War, to maximize the eastern Mediterranean territory of the Osman Empire, Britain and France were established under the auspices of the International Union in great Syria under the auspices of the International Union. The appointment rule of the French "divide and rule" has a great influence on the evolution of the strategic posture of Syria and Lebanon in World War II. After the outbreak of World War II, with the war in Italy and the defeat of France, the Syrian Lebanon fell into the dual control of the fascist countries and the French mandate authorities, which meant the East. The strategic choice of the China Sea region concerns the alliance and the axis countries who will master the dominance of the Middle East battlefield. And the defeat of France marks the coexistence of the Vichy French regime set up by Marshal Bedan in the same historical period and the free French movement led by De Gaulle. Although the two are counterbalanced to the cube, the two sides and the British are narrating. At the same time, in order to ensure the geopolitical advantage, the axis powers also strengthened the propaganda and infiltration of Syria and Lebanon, and the anti British uprising in Iraq was an indirect product of the Nazi forces' commitment to support the national independence of the Syrian Lebanon. The uprising was severely suppressed by the British government. In order to consolidate the strategic superiority of the two sides in the eastern Mediterranean region, the two parties realized the control of the Syrian Lebanon again in the way that the Syria and Lebanon were allowed to gain national independence through democratic elections. But in the context of the establishment of the national government of Syria and Lebanon, in the context of the constant contradiction between France and France, as well as the common help of the British and American countries and the international community, it was finally able to get rid of the bondage of the French mandate and win the independence and sovereignty of the state. In order to realize the unity of the Arabia nation as soon as possible, the Syrian Lebanese two countries actively participated in Arabia. The preparatory work of the League of Nations has greatly promoted the development of the national liberation movement in the Middle East.

【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K152

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