论古埃及新王国时期的法老年代记

发布时间：2018-05-16 03:29

本文选题：年代记 + 战争　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：年代记是古埃及历史记录的重要组成部分。古代埃及很早就有关于过去大事的记录,无论是早王朝时期简单的标签,还是古王国时期出现的最早的年代记—帕勒莫石碑,这种简单记录大事的方式为埃及后来的年代记奠定了基础。到了中王国时期,年代记突破了古王国时期帕勒莫石碑记事的形式和内容,开始了围绕某一国王的统治事件、某一特殊场景为中心的简短记事。至新王国时期,埃及帝国发展到了顶峰,年代记的形式和内容较之中王国时期又有所发展。在历经第二中间期的混乱和喜克索斯人的统治之后,新王国时期的法老发们动了大规模的对外战争,法老对个人功绩的追逐也近乎狂热,产生了一些记录国王对外征战和征服成果的大事记,即我们所说的法老年代记,其中以图特摩斯三世年代记最为典型。这一时期法老年代的内容主要是围绕法老的对外战争展开,种种记载都是为了服膺于法老“军事英雄”和“神王之子”的形象,铭文中记载的法老是“玛阿特”神圣秩序的保护者,是众神统治埃及的代理人。古埃及的众神在法老年代记中也经常出现,在战争中是法老的保护神,并接受法老在战后对其进行的献祭和供奉。而那些“卑鄙的可憎之敌”则被法老在战争中一一征服,并臣服在法老的权威之下。通过此类“仪式化”的场景,新王国时期法老王权的合法性和神圣性被一遍遍地强化,并在法老对外战争的胜利中得到宣扬。此外,从法老年代记的主要内容和其作用可以看出这一时期古埃及的“历史表述”出现了新的特点。在对历史的审视上,古埃及人开始走出以往坚定的崇古怀古情节,对过去也多了些不一样的思考:即便“神圣王权”早已在古埃及人的观念中根深蒂固,但这一时期年代记中的法老却更多表现为个性鲜明的“军事强者”。同时,随着不断地对外扩张,埃及人的域外观念,尤其是对边界和敌我的概念不断得到增强,突出表现就是对被征服地区实行了以埃及为中心的意识形态的再塑造。年代记中对国王作为“真实性”的强调,表明古埃及人对“历史记录”的作用有了自己的思考,某种意义上来讲是一种“历史意识”的真正觉醒。
[Abstract]:Chronology is an important part of ancient Egyptian historical records. Ancient Egypt had a long history of past events, whether it was the simple label of the early dynasty or the earliest chronicle of the ancient kingdom-the Palermo stone tablet. This simple way of recording events laid the foundation for Egypt's later chronicles. In the Middle Kingdom period, the chronicle broke through the form and content of Palermo stone inscription in the ancient kingdom period, and began a brief chronicle of the ruling events around a certain king, a special scene as the center. In the New Kingdom period, the Egyptian Empire reached its peak, and the form and content of the chronicles developed more than that of the Middle Kingdom. After the chaos of the second intermediate period and the rule of the Hiksos, the pharaohs of the New Kingdom waged a large-scale foreign war, and the pharaoh's pursuit of personal merit was almost fanatical. Some memorabilia of the king's foreign war and conquest, known as the Pharaohs' chronicles, were produced, of which Tutmose III was the most typical. In this period, the contents of the pharaohs era were mainly centered on the pharaoh's foreign war, and all kinds of records were intended to serve the image of the pharaoh's "military hero" and "son of the king of God". The inscription of the Pharaohs is the protector of the Maathite holy order and the agent of the gods ruling Egypt. The gods of ancient Egypt also frequently appeared in the book of the Pharaohs. They were the protectors of pharaoh in war and received sacrifices and offerings from pharaoh after the war. The "despicable and abominable enemies" were conquered by Pharaoh in the war and subject to his authority. Through such "ritualized" scenes, the legitimacy and sanctity of the Pharaohs' power in the New Kingdom period were strengthened over and over again and proclaimed in the victory of the pharaoh's foreign war. In addition, from the main contents and functions of the pharaoh's chronicles, we can see that the "historical expression" of ancient Egypt appeared new characteristics in this period. Looking at history, the ancient Egyptians began to walk away from the old, steadfast nostalgia, and thought differently about the past: even though the "sacred Wang Quan" had long been ingrained in the ancient Egyptians' ideas, However, the pharaohs in the chronicles of this period are more of a distinctive "military strongman". At the same time, with the continuous expansion of the external, the Egyptian concept of the extraterritorial, especially to the boundary and the concept of the enemy and we have been constantly strengthened, the outstanding manifestation is the remolding of the ideology centered on Egypt in the conquered areas. The emphasis on the "authenticity" of the king in the chronicles shows that the ancient Egyptians had their own thoughts on the role of "historical records", and in a sense it was a true awakening of "historical consciousness".
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K411.2

【相似文献】