二十世纪九十年代后日本大学管理体制改革研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 05:07

本文选题：日本 + 大学管理体制改革　；参考：《山东师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在知识经济迅猛发展、国际竞争日趋激烈的今天,一个国家综合国力的强弱取决于劳动者素质的高低,而劳动者素质的高低取决于一国教育水平发展的程度。大学作为国家培养人才的基地,在一国的经济发展和社会进步中占有举足轻重的地位。对高等教育进行全面、深层次改革,是世界各国面临的共同课题。20世纪90年代以来,在全球化、日本经济“迟滞”、18岁学龄人口减少等诸多因素推动下,日本政府在继承以前高等教育政策的基础上,在高等教育体制的许多方面进行了深入、全面的改革。“日本的高等教育改革在90年代正式展开,可以说90年代是大学改革的10年”[1]。这场改革几乎覆盖了高等教育的整个领域,改革的深度在某些方面己经触及到日本近代以来高等教育的本质之处。上世纪90年代以来的日本高等教育管理体制改革其实肇始于70年代开始的第三次教育改革,是对第三次教育改革期间,尤其是80年代日本临时教育审议会四次报告中阐述的改革理念的具体贯彻和超越。本文从公立大学和私立大学两个角度入手,分别阐述了日本高等教育两大组成部分自二十世纪九十年代以来的现状。通过对现状的文献资料的分析与综述,概括出公立大学和私立大学在高等教育改革方面的特点,并科学地预测日本未来几年内高等教育大学管理体制方面的大致发展趋势。在此基础之上,借鉴国外比较流行的高等教育管理权利的配置模式,参考二十世纪九十年代以前日本高等教育管理体制的整体发展历史,对二十世纪九十年代以后日本高校管理体制改革进行因素分析,总结出日本进行管理体制改革的外部因素与内部因素。尽管日本和中国处于社会经济及学校教育发展的不同阶段,但中国作为起步较晚,正处于发展市场经济和实现现代化过程中的国家,必须重视发展过程重要面临的各种问题以及各种各样的“后发展效应”,日本出现的问题迟早会在中国发生,只是表现形式和程度上可能会存在差异。从实践意义上来说,专门截取90年代至今这一时间段,对日本高等教育两个组成部分各自的管理体制进行深入研究,以其各自所体现的特点和视角审视我国高等教育管理体制方面的缺失,分析公立大学与私立大学管理体制方面的不同特点,对我国如何处理公立高校和私立高校相互之间的矛盾、公立高校之间与私立学校之间的矛盾都极具有参考价值。从理论意义上来讲,总结并借鉴日本政府制定高等教育管理体制方面的优点,可以为实现我国高等教育管理体制的科学化做出贡献,尽管中国的高等教育有自己的独特背景,但对日本高等教育管理体制方面的研究,寻找教育管理体制中一些带规律性的东西,可为我国制定具有中国特点的、适应中国教育改革与发展需要的高等教育管理体制提供理论借鉴,会有助于建立有中国特色的高等教育发展理论。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of knowledge economy and the increasingly fierce international competition, the strength of a country's comprehensive national strength depends on the quality of the laborer, and the quality of the laborer depends on the degree of the development of a country's education level. As the base of cultivating talents, universities play an important role in the economic development and social progress of a country. Comprehensive and in-depth reform of higher education is a common task facing all countries in the world. Since the 1990s, many factors, such as globalization and the "sluggish" Japanese economy and the reduction in the school-age population of 18 years, have been promoted. On the basis of inheriting the previous policy of higher education, the Japanese government has carried out a thorough and comprehensive reform in many aspects of the higher education system. The reform of higher education in Japan was formally launched in the 1990's, and it can be said that the 1990s was a decade of university reform. The reform covers almost the whole field of higher education, and the depth of the reform has in some respects touched the essence of higher education in Japan since modern times. In fact, the reform of Japan's higher education management system since the 1990s began with the third education reform in the 1970s. It was during the third education reform. Especially, in 1980's, the reform idea expounded in four reports of Japan's temporary Education Review Council was carried out and surpassed. Starting from public universities and private universities, this paper expounds the present situation of the two major components of higher education in Japan since the 1990s. Based on the analysis and summary of the present situation, this paper summarizes the characteristics of public and private universities in the reform of higher education, and scientifically predicts the general development trend of the management system of higher education universities in Japan in the next few years. On this basis, drawing lessons from the more popular foreign allocation mode of higher education management rights, and referring to the overall development history of Japan's higher education management system before the 1990s, This paper analyzes the factors of the reform of the management system of Japanese universities after the 1990s, and summarizes the external and internal factors of the reform of the management system in Japan. Although Japan and China are at different stages of the development of social economy and school education, China, as a country with a late start, is in the process of developing a market economy and realizing modernization. Attention must be paid to all kinds of important problems and various "post-development effects" in the process of development. Sooner or later, the problems in Japan will occur in China, but there may be differences in their forms and degrees. From a practical point of view, specifically intercepting the period from the 1990s to the present, the two components of Japan's higher education management system of their respective in-depth study, From their own characteristics and perspectives to examine the deficiencies of China's higher education management system, analyze the different characteristics of the management system of public universities and private universities. It is of great reference value to how to deal with the contradiction between public universities and private colleges and the contradictions between public universities and private schools. Theoretically speaking, summing up and drawing lessons from the advantages of the Japanese government in formulating the management system of higher education can contribute to the realization of the scientific management system of higher education in China, although China's higher education has its own unique background. However, the study on the management system of higher education in Japan and the search for some regular things in the educational management system can work out for our country something with Chinese characteristics. The management system of higher education which meets the needs of China's educational reform and development can be used for reference, which will help to establish the theory of higher education development with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：G649.313;K313.5

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