明清鼎革—朝鲜与日本的反应

发布时间：2018-05-17 17:57

本文选题：明清鼎革 + 华夷秩序　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1644年满清入主中原代替明朝成为了中国新王朝的统治者,这一事件被称为明清鼎革。明清鼎革是中国历史上的巨大变革,这一事件不仅影响了中国的历史进程,更是宣告了东亚秩序面对中心易主的挑战。“蛮夷”入主不仅颠覆了传统的华夷观念,还对深受华夷观念影响的周边各国产生了巨大的冲击。朝鲜和日本作为中国的重要邻国,对这一事件尤为关注。李氏朝鲜自建国以来,就一直对明朝奉行事大主义的外交政策,事事尊奉明朝,奉明朝为上国,接受明朝的保护。在明清鼎革之际,朝鲜虽然迫于后金的军事压力,实行了“两端外交”的政策,但却并没有放弃对明朝的尊奉,而是由于坚守以明朝为中心的华夷秩序,还被后金所攻打,不得已才屈服于后金。然而,即使在朝鲜成为清朝的属国之后,也并没有忘记明朝的壬辰之恩,在国内还酝酿着“反清复明”、“遵明排清”的北伐计划。长期以来日本一直若即若离地游离于东亚秩序的边缘,1549年更是脱离了以明朝为中心的华夷秩序,此后又发动了侵略朝鲜的壬辰倭乱,企图挑战以明朝为中心的华夷秩序,使中日关系更加恶化。此后,德川家康建立的江户幕府虽然有意缓解明日关系,却未能如愿。正当中国发生明清鼎革之时,日本虽然处于华夷秩序之外,却尤为关注中国的这一政局变化。为此,不仅建立了搜集海外情报的机制,还将搜集到的中国情报编辑为册,命名为“华夷变态”。然而,日本的反应却和朝鲜有所不同,在明清鼎革之时,日本虽对明朝的灭亡感到惋惜,但更多地是利用明朝遗臣的赴日乞师以及日本儒学者的诠释,致力于构建所谓的以日本为中心的“华夷秩序”。本文主要探讨同为儒家文化圈的朝鲜和日本,在面对中国的明清鼎革之时所表现出的不同反应为楔入点,将朝鲜表现出的“小中华”和日本表现出的“大中华”进行对比,展现同一时期两个国家的文化态度及对外政策。
[Abstract]:In 1644, the Manchu Dynasty became the ruler of the new dynasty instead of the Ming Dynasty, which was called the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. The Ming and Qing Dynasty Revolution was a great change in the history of China. This event not only affected the historical process of China, but also declared that the order of East Asia faced the challenge of the change of center and owner. The entry of barbarians not only subverted the traditional idea of Chinese Yi, but also had a great impact on the neighboring countries deeply influenced by the idea of Chinese Yi. North Korea and Japan, as important neighbors of China, are particularly concerned about the incident. Since the founding of the people's Republic of Korea, Lee has been pursuing a foreign policy of serving the Ming Dynasty, worshiping the Ming Dynasty and accepting the protection of the Ming Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, although North Korea, under the military pressure of the later Jin Dynasty, carried out a policy of "diplomacy between the two ends," it did not give up its respect for the Ming Dynasty. Instead, it held fast to the order of Hua Yi, which centered on the Ming Dynasty, and was attacked by the later Jin Dynasty. He had to give in to the gold. However, even after Korea became a state of the Qing Dynasty, it did not forget the grace of the Ming Dynasty, and there were plans to "reverse the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty" and "obey the Ming Dynasty and expel the Qing Dynasty" in the country. For a long time, Japan had been drifting away from the edge of the East Asian order, and in 1549, it was divorced from the order of China and Yi, which centered on the Ming Dynasty, and then launched the Japanese invasion of Korea, in an attempt to challenge the order of China and Yi, which centered on the Ming Dynasty. This has made Sino-Japanese relations worse. Since then, Tokugawa's establishment of the Edo Shogunate, although intended to ease tomorrow's relationship, but failed to do so. While China was in the Ming and Qing dynasties, Japan, although outside the order of China, paid special attention to this political change in China. Therefore, we not only set up a mechanism to collect overseas intelligence, but also compiled the collected Chinese intelligence into a book named "Hua Yi metamorphosis". However, the reaction of Japan was different from that of North Korea. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Japan regretted the demise of the Ming Dynasty, but it made more use of the explanations of Japanese beggars and Japanese Confucianists who had been left behind in the Ming Dynasty. Committed to the construction of the so-called Japanese-centric "China Yi order." This paper mainly discusses the different reactions of Korea and Japan, which are the same Confucian cultural circle, in the face of the Ming and Qing dynasties in China, and compares the "Little China" of Korea with the "Greater China" of Japan. Show the cultural attitude and foreign policy of the two countries during the same period.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K31

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