从罗斯福到艾森豪威尔1940—1954年美国的越南政策

发布时间：2018-05-18 15:04

本文选题：美国的越南政策 + 非殖民化　；参考：《首都师范大学》2002年博士论文

【摘要】： 本论文论述了罗斯福到艾森豪威尔政府时期美国的越南政策(1940-1954年)。罗斯福政府时期是美国介入越南事务之始，杜鲁门政府和艾森豪威尔政府则为美国大规模卷入越南战争准备了条件。本文共分四大部分：第一部分：罗斯福政府的越南政策(1940—1945)。二战爆发后，罗斯福政府反对日本控制印度支那。二战后期，罗斯福总统提出印度支那非殖民化建议，主张对印度支那实行国际托管，反对法国再度控制印度支那。由于局势的变化，他去世前同意法国在战后重新控制印度支那。第二部分，论述杜鲁门政府的越南政策(1945-1953)。杜鲁门政府顺应了罗斯福政府的印度支那政策，正式承认法国对印度支那的主权，并默许法国把美国对法国的军事援助和财政援助用于印度支那事务。在第一次印度支那战争前期(1946-1950)，美国名曰“中立”，实际上偏袒法国，支持保大政权。冷战爆发后，杜鲁门政府视印度支那为其全球战略的一部分。中国革命胜利和朝鲜战争爆发后，美国加紧在东亚推行遏制政策，开始不断向法国提供直接的军事和经济援助，支持法国进行印度支那战争。第三部分：论述艾森豪威尔政府的越南政策(1953-1954)。艾森豪威尔政府继承并进一步发展了其前任的越南政策，两次拟议对越南战争进行直接的军事干涉。策划对越南战争进行军事干涉是美国干涉越南事务的一次重大升级，也是美国对越南进行直接军事侵略的一次预演。艾森豪威尔政府阻挠日内瓦会议就印度支那和平问题进行讨论，拒绝在协议上签字，目的是为其未来的侵越活动摆脱不必要的束缚。1954年，美国继续策划“联合行动”，筹建“东南亚条约组织”，为以后的干涉行动张目。至此，“多米诺骨牌理论”已经成为美国印度支那政策的指导方针。第四部分：结论。对美国越南政策的背景、演变、本质及其得失进行总结。美国的越南政策服务服从于其冷战政策的需要，服务服从于美国全球战略的需要。冷战政策为美国制订越南政策提供了不切实际的理论参数。“多米诺骨牌理论”夸大共产主义威胁，脱离客观实际，使美国最终走进了一条死胡同。研究这一时期美国的越南政策，可以使我们深刻了解美国介入越南战争的渊源及冷战时期美国进行全球扩张的霸权主义行径。
[Abstract]:This paper deals with the American policy of Vietnam (1940-1954 years) from Roosevelt to the Eisenhower administration. The Roosevelt administration was the beginning of the involvement of the United States in Vietnam, while the Truman administration and the Eisenhower government prepared the conditions for the massive involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War.
This article is divided into four parts:
Part one: Vietnamese policy of the Roosevelt Administration (1940 - 1945).
After the outbreak of World War II, the Roosevelt administration was opposed to Japan's control of Indochina. In the late second world war, President Roosevelt proposed Indochina's decolonization proposal, advocated international trusteeship with Indochina, and opposed France to control Indochina again. He agreed to recontrol Indochina in the post-war period because of the change of the situation.
The second part discusses the Vietnamese policy of the Truman Administration (1945-1953).
The Truman administration conforms to the Indochina policy of the Roosevelt administration, formally acknowledges the sovereignty of France, and acquiesce to France's military assistance and financial assistance to France in Indochina. In the first period of the first Indochina War (1946-1950), the United States called "neutrality", in fact favoring France and supporting the great. After the outbreak of the cold war, the Truman administration regarded Indochina as part of its global strategy. After the victory of the Chinese revolution and the outbreak of the Korean War, the United States stepped up its policy of containment in East Asia, and began to provide direct military and economic assistance to France and support France for the war in Indochina.
The third part discusses the Vietnamese policy of the Eisenhower Administration (1953-1954).
The Eisenhower administration inherited and further developed its predecessor's Vietnam policy, and the two proposed direct military interference in the Vietnam War. The planning of military interference in the Vietnam War was a major escalation of the United States interference in Vietnam and a rehearsal of the United States' direct military aggression against Vietnam. The Eisenhower administration Obstructing the Geneva conference to discuss the Indochina peace issue and refusing to sign the agreement, the aim is to escape unnecessarily bound.1954 years for its future invasion activities. The United States continues to plan "joint action" to prepare the "Southeast Asian Treaty Organization" for future interference. At this point, the "Domino theory" has already been made. To be the guiding principle of the US Indochina policy.
The fourth part: the conclusion.
The background, evolution, essence and gains and losses of the American Vietnam policy are summarized. The American Vietnamese policy service obeys the needs of its cold war policy, and the service obeys the needs of the global strategy of the United States. The cold war policy provides the unrealistic theoretical parameters for the formulation of the Vietnamese policy in the United States. "The Domino theory" exaggerates the Communist prestige. The threat, divorced from the objective reality, led the United States into a dead end. The study of the American Vietnam policy in this period could make us deeply understand the origin of the American intervention in the Vietnam War and the hegemonism of the United States during the cold war.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：K712.54

【引证文献】