波匈事件后美国对波兰经济援助的缘起（1956-1957）

发布时间：2018-05-21 07:36

本文选题：美国 + 波兰　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 1956年波匈事件后,美国开始向波兰提供经济援助。1956-1957年美国对波兰的经济援助是二十世纪五六十年代美国对波兰实施经济援助的一个开端。就1956-1957年美国对波兰的经济援助而言,冷战是其所处的大环境,波兰所具有的重要的战略地位是美国实施这一政策的先决条件,1953年斯大林逝世、1956年苏共二十大赫鲁晓夫的秘密报告以及1956年波兹南事件、波兰十月事件等一系列苏东内部的变化是这一政策得以实施的前提,而借助于对波兰的经济援助,施加美国对东欧诸国的影响,进而瓦解苏联集团则是美国采取这一措施的根本目的。迄今为止,国内学术界对这一问题的研究较薄弱,本文运用美国公布的档案材料,借鉴国内外已有的研究,对这一问题进行了分析。本文共分为五部分。第一部分介绍了1956-1957年美国对波兰政策的转变,也就是美国对波兰实施经济援助的背景。1948-1953年波兰完全附属于苏联,但随着斯大林的逝世、苏共二十大的召开以及波兹南事件、波兰十月事件的发生,波兰同苏联的关系开始出现变化,美国借助于苏波关系的变化改变了对波兰的政策,提出了向波兰实施经济援助的建议。第二部分阐述了美国对波兰实施经济援助的预期目标和经济援助趋势的出现。就向波兰实施经济援助这一行动,美国提出了一系列的预期目标,并多次向波兰表示了美国愿意向波兰提供经济援助,但波兰方面一直没有就此问题给出官方的回应。双方就此问题的协商仍只是私下进行的。第三部分叙述了美国对波兰经济援助政策的出台。1957年美波双方召开美波经济会谈,双方就援助问题展开了一系列的讨论,最终达成了协议。随后,美国出台了NSC5705号文件,为美国向波兰进行援助提供了范本。但在援助问题上,美国国内一直存在着很大的分歧,而且还因为援助引发了加拿大的小麦问题。第四部分分析了1956-1957年美国对波兰经济援助所产生的影响。1956-1957年美国对波兰提供经济援助实际上是美国向波兰实施经济援助的一个开端,它促成了美国对波兰的进一步援助。美国的经济援助对波兰国内经济的发展和国内局势的稳定都起到了一定的积极作用。从美国的角度来讲,向波兰实施经济援助对其自身国家利益的实现产生了一定的积极影响,但也对美国同其盟国及中立国关系造成了一定的损害。而美国也正是通过此阶段对波兰的经济援助,完成了其对东欧政策的转变,最终在东欧确立了“和平演变”政策。第五部分从总体上对美国的对外援助政策进行了评价。美国对外援助政策是美国一项重要的外交工具。冷战时期,它作为一种战争后续或补充行动,在推动美国利益的实现方面起到了一定的积极作用。而在当前,美国的对外援助政策被赋予了新的内容,仍有效地应用于美国的外交之中,影响着世界格局的发展。
[Abstract]:After the events of Poland and Hungary in 1956, the United States began to provide economic aid to Poland. The American economic aid to Poland in 1956-1957 was the beginning of American economic aid to Poland in the 1950s and 1960s. In terms of American economic aid to Poland in 1956-1957, the Cold War was the environment in which it was based. Poland's important strategic position is a prerequisite for the United States to carry out this policy, the death of Stalin in 1953, the secret report of the twenty great Khrushchev of the Soviet Communist Party in 1956, and the 1956 incident in Poznan. A series of internal changes in the Soviet Union and East Europe, such as the October incident in Poland, were the prerequisite for the implementation of this policy. With the aid of economic aid to Poland, the United States exerted its influence on the countries of Eastern Europe. Then the collapse of the Soviet bloc is the fundamental purpose of the United States to take this measure. Up to now, the research on this problem in domestic academic circles is relatively weak. This paper uses the archival materials published by the United States and draws lessons from the existing research at home and abroad to analyze this problem. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part introduces the transformation of American policy toward Poland from 1956 to 1957, that is, the background of American economic aid to Poland. 1948-1953 Poland was totally attached to the Soviet Union, but with the death of Stalin, the convening of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Poznan incident, With the events of October in Poland, the relations between Poland and the Soviet Union began to change. With the help of the changes in Soviet-Polish relations, the United States changed its policy towards Poland and put forward some suggestions for carrying out economic assistance to Poland. The second part expounds the expected target of American economic aid to Poland and the emergence of economic aid trend. The United States has set out a set of expected goals for economic aid to Poland and has repeatedly offered economic assistance to Poland, but Poland has not given an official response to the issue. Negotiations between the two sides on this issue are still conducted in private. The third part describes the introduction of American economic aid policy to Poland. In 1957, the two sides held a series of discussions on the issue of aid, and finally reached an agreement. Subsequently, the United States issued the NSC5705 document, providing a model for American aid to Poland. But the United States has been deeply divided over aid, and it has caused wheat problems in Canada. The fourth part analyzes the influence of American economic aid to Poland from 1956-1957. The economic aid provided by the United States to Poland in 1956-1957 is actually a beginning of American economic aid to Poland, which promotes the further aid to Poland. American economic aid has played a positive role in the development of Poland's domestic economy and the stability of the domestic situation. From the point of view of the United States, the implementation of economic assistance to Poland has had a positive impact on the realization of its own national interests, but it has also caused certain damage to the relations between the United States and its allies and neutral countries. Through the economic aid to Poland at this stage, the United States completed the transformation of its policy towards Eastern Europe and finally established the policy of "peaceful evolution" in Eastern Europe. The fifth part evaluates the foreign aid policy of the United States as a whole. American foreign aid policy is an important diplomatic tool of the United States. During the Cold War, it played a positive role in promoting the realization of American interests as a kind of war follow-up or supplementary action. At present, the foreign aid policy of the United States has been endowed with new contents and is still effectively applied in American diplomacy, which affects the development of the world pattern.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K712.54

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