战后日本赔偿外交研究（1945-1977）

发布时间：2018-05-23 23:50

本文选题：战后 + 日本　；参考：《吉林大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 日本的“赔偿外交”是第二次世界大战结束后,日本战争善后处理过程中突显出来的独特的外交现象,它不同于一般的经济外交、资源外交、文化外交等外交方式,而是具有其特定的内涵。对此,需要我们从战后赔偿的主体、内容、特征、形式等方面进行清晰的梳理、界定和理论阐释。日本的赔偿外交总体上先后经历了两个阶段,在不同的历史阶段,日本的赔偿外交具有不同的涵义。从赔偿主导权的变化看,由“美国主导下的日本赔偿”转向“日本操作下的战后赔偿”;从赔偿的形式看,由战后初期的惩罚性“拆迁赔偿”转化为冷战时期的协商性“劳务赔偿、资本赔偿”。在这样的历史演变过程中,日本经过长时段、艰苦的赔偿外交交涉,实现了以善后赔偿为契机,开发东南亚市场,复兴本国经济,并从此走上国际政治舞台的战略目标。赔偿外交的实施,既巩固了日美同盟关系,提高本国外交的自主性,又逃脱了严厉的战争处理和赔偿。这是由于二战后东西方对峙的冷战体制、日美安保体制和日本奉行的经济中心主义取向所使然。本文针对日本赔偿外交的历史演变,从体系、国家(包括美国和东南亚诸国)、个体三个层次对其形成的原因及其影响进行了系统分析。随着日本赔偿外交在东亚范围内的实施,日本在政治、经济、国际影响等方面获得了重大收获,在一定程度上构成了日本经济崛起的重要因素,客观上也对受偿国家的战后经济重建起到了促进作用。但是,在实施赔偿的过程中,由于日本没有彻底解决战争赔偿问题,特别是没有深刻地反省战争责任,没有对受害国家和民众诚恳地给予道歉与补偿,反而以善后赔偿为手段,推崇经济利益至上主义,大搞经济扩张,追逐商业利益,忽视了国际道义与正义,从而导致了周边国家反日、厌日情绪长期难以化解,成为相互认知上的主要障碍之一。事实上,日本的赔偿外交并没有从根本上消弭饱受其战争侵害的亚洲各国民众的反日情结,这在很大程度上消解了日本提升国际形象的能量,从而使日本不得不面对“经济巨人”与“政治侏儒”长期并存的现实。
[Abstract]:Japan's "compensation diplomacy" is a unique diplomatic phenomenon in the process of dealing with the aftermath of the Japanese war after the end of the second World War. It is different from other diplomatic methods such as economic diplomacy, resource diplomacy, cultural diplomacy and so on. It has its specific connotation. Therefore, we need to clearly comb, define and explain the subject, content, feature and form of postwar compensation. Japan's compensation diplomacy has experienced two stages in general. In different historical stages, Japan's compensation diplomacy has different meanings. From the perspective of the change of the dominant right of compensation, from "Japanese compensation under the leadership of the United States" to "post-war compensation under Japanese operation," and from the form of compensation, From punitive "demolition compensation" in the early postwar period to "labor compensation, capital compensation" in the Cold War period. In the course of this historical evolution, Japan achieved the strategic goal of exploiting the Southeast Asian market, reviving its economy and stepping onto the international political stage after a long and arduous diplomatic negotiation on compensation. The implementation of compensatory diplomacy not only consolidated the alliance between Japan and the United States, enhanced the autonomy of its own diplomacy, but also escaped severe war treatment and compensation. This is due to the cold war system of East-West confrontation after World War II, the Japanese-American security system and the economic centralism of Japan. In view of the historical evolution of Japan's compensation diplomacy, this paper makes a systematic analysis of the reasons for its formation and its influence from three levels: the system, the country (including the United States and the Southeast Asian countries) and the individual. With the implementation of Japan's compensatory diplomacy in East Asia, Japan has gained significant gains in politics, economy and international influence, which to a certain extent constitutes an important factor in Japan's economic rise. Objectively, it also played a role in promoting the postwar economic reconstruction of the compensated countries. However, in the process of implementing compensation, because Japan has not completely resolved the issue of war compensation, in particular, it has not deeply reflected on its war responsibilities, and has not sincerely apologized and compensated the affected countries and the people, on the contrary, it has used compensation for the aftermath of the war as a means. Advocating the supremacy of economic interests, pursuing economic expansion, pursuing commercial interests and neglecting international morality and justice have led to the anti-Japanese sentiment of neighboring countries, which has become one of the main obstacles to mutual cognition for a long time. In fact, Japan's compensatory diplomacy has not fundamentally eliminated the anti-Japanese complex of the people of Asian countries that have suffered from its war, which to a large extent dispels Japan's ability to enhance its international image. Therefore, Japan has to face the reality that "economic giant" and "political dwarf" coexist for a long time.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K313.5

【引证文献】