1919-1924年英国的地中海政策研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 23:43

本文选题：丹吉尔港 + 苏伊士运河　；参考：《兰州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：1919-1924年英国的地中海政策,可以分为东地中海政策和西地中海政策两部分。西地中海政策涉及英国与法国、西班牙的关系；东地中海政策涉及英国在埃及的宗主制度。伊比利亚半岛对西地中海地区大英帝国的帝国安全至关重要,直布罗陀海峡是英国自大西洋到地中海的咽喉,为英国战略利益之所在,所以丹吉尔港中立和西班牙在北部摩洛哥的宗主制度的维持对英国有深远的影响。英国在摩洛哥问题上竭力维护西班牙在北部摩洛哥的宗主地位,并且英国在摩洛哥问题上对西班牙和法国采取了不同的政策,通过一次英国、法国、西班牙参加的三方会议确定了丹吉尔港口的中立地位,平衡了西班牙和法国在西地中海地区的争夺。苏伊士运河的安全与防御对东地中海地区帝国安全至关重要,苏伊士运河是保障英国经由地中海、苏伊士运河和红海到达东方的航线畅通的关键点,为英国利益之所在,所以对埃及宗主制度的维护对英国有深远的影响。第一次世界大战给英国提供了一个在埃及正式建立宗主制度的机会,英国希望以大部分埃及人能够接受的形式在埃及使得宗主制度永久存在,因为英国在埃及地区政策的影响超出了东地中海地区的范围,涉及英国的全球政策。然而,第一次世界大战激发了埃及人民对于民族独立的强烈愿望。埃及人把第一次世界大战之后最初几年的事件看成是二十世纪他们完全独立于英帝国主义的长期斗争的起点。英国对埃及的政策出现了两次重要的转变以确保在现有条件下英国在埃及的利益最大化。英国单方面发表二·二八声明,在四点保留原则的情况下,单方面宣布废除埃及的宗主制度,维护了英国在埃及的利益,确保英国对苏伊士运河的牢固控制。
[Abstract]:British Mediterranean policy from 1919 to 1924 can be divided into two parts: eastern Mediterranean policy and western Mediterranean policy. The western Mediterranean policy involves Britain's relations with France and Spain, and the eastern Mediterranean policy involves Britain's patriarchal system in Egypt. The Iberian Peninsula is vital to the imperial security of the British Empire in the Western Mediterranean. The Strait of Gibraltar is the throat of Britain from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean and serves the strategic interests of the United Kingdom. So the neutrality of Port Tangier and the maintenance of Spain's patriarchal system in northern Morocco had a profound impact on Britain. Britain tried hard to maintain Spain's supremacy in northern Morocco on the Moroccan issue, and Britain adopted a different policy towards Spain and France on the Moroccan issue, through one British, French, Spain's tripartite meeting confirmed the neutrality of Tangier's port, balancing Spain's and France's rivalry in the western Mediterranean. The security and defense of the Suez Canal is of great importance to the security of the Eastern Mediterranean Empire. The Suez Canal is the key point to ensure the smooth passage of British routes to the East via the Mediterranean Sea, the Suez Canal and the Red Sea, and is in the interest of the United Kingdom. Therefore, the maintenance of Egypt's patriarchal system has a profound impact on Britain. The first World War provided Britain with an opportunity to formally establish a patriarchal system in Egypt, which Britain wanted to perpetuate in Egypt in a form acceptable to most Egyptians. The impact of British policy in Egypt extends beyond the eastern Mediterranean and involves British global policy. However, World War I inspired the Egyptian people's strong desire for national independence. The Egyptians saw the events of the first few years after World War I as the starting point of their long struggle completely independent of British imperialism in the twentieth century. There have been two important shifts in British policy towards Egypt to ensure that Britain's interests in Egypt are maximized under existing conditions. In the case of the four-point reservation principle, Britain unilaterally declared to abolish Egypt's patriarchal system, which safeguarded Britain's interests in Egypt and ensured Britain's firm control over the Suez Canal.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K15

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