内克尔与法国旧制度末年的财政危机

发布时间：2018-05-26 04:26

本文选题：雅克·内克尔 + 旧制度末年　；参考：《上海师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：雅克·内克尔，一位备受争议的旧制度末年财政改革大臣，他在1777年至1781年间，被任命为路易十六的财政总监，肩负为君主筹集钱财支援美国战争的重任。然而，旧制度末年的法国一直“重症缠身”，严重的财政危机一直是法国数位君主的心头梦魇，内克尔在执掌法国财政期间，除了为战争筹款，他在革除财政上的沉疴弊病上也付出了大量精力。然而，内克尔并不是勇举财政改革大旗的第一人，如同他的前任一样，他的改革努力最终付诸东流。本文旨在通过分析雅克·内克尔财政改革的背景、理念以及改革具体的内容，结合旧制度末年法国社会政治背景，来探讨在旧制度末年财政改革的艰难，失败的财政改革加重了本已岌岌可危的财政负担，直接导致了1789年风暴的来临，给危如累卵的旧制度最沉重的一击！此外，无论是在旧制度末年还是在近现代史学界，内克尔由于财政改革的失败，，他个人一直倍受非议与否定，在这篇文章中，笔者也意图通过对内克尔个人执政史的论述，来为内克尔“正名”。本篇文章共分为三个大的章节，第一章节为背景介绍，着重描述了旧制度末年法国社会以及政府出现的衰竭；第二章节即本文的重点章节，主要描述内克尔财政改革的背景、理念、内容以及改革的失败与思考；第三章节为本文的结论章节，为本文的两个写作目的作总结，即为雅克·内克尔正名以及探索体制矛盾与改革的重要关系。
[Abstract]:Jacques Necker, the chancellor of fiscal reform at the end of the controversial old system, was appointed finance director of Louis XVI between 1777 and 1781, charged with raising money for the monarch to support the American war. However, in the late years of the old system, France had been "in serious trouble," and the severe financial crisis had been a nightmare for several French monarchs, and Necker had been in charge of France's finances, except to raise money for the war. He also put a lot of effort into getting rid of his financial ills. However, Necker was not the first man to raise the banner of fiscal reform, as his predecessor did, and his reform efforts ended up in vain. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the background, idea and concrete contents of Jacques Necker's fiscal reform, and to discuss the difficulties of the fiscal reform in the late years of the old system, combining with the social and political background of France at the end of the old system. The failed fiscal reforms added to the already precarious financial burden, leading directly to the storm of 1789, the heaviest blow to the perilous old system! In addition, whether in the late years of the old system or in the field of modern history, Necker has been criticized and denied because of the failure of the financial reform. In this article, the author also intends to discuss Necker's personal ruling history. To correct Necker's name. This article is divided into three chapters, the first chapter is the background introduction, which focuses on describing the French society and the failure of the government at the end of the old system, the second chapter is the key chapter of this article, which mainly describes the background of Necker's fiscal reform. The third chapter is the conclusion chapter, which summarizes the two writing purposes of this paper, namely, Jacques Necker's correct name and explores the important relationship between the system contradiction and the reform.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K565.3;F815.65

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