古代埃及塞特崇拜研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 15:36

本文选题：古代埃及 + 塞特　；参考：《山西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：塞特是古代埃及万神殿中一位重要的神yG,他的兴衰发展几乎与古代埃及整个历史相终始。涅伽达文化时期,塞特是奥姆波斯的地方神,上埃及的保护神。埃及统一后,荷鲁斯成为国家主神,塞特则成为反叛者的化身,被驱逐至荒漠之地,塞特崇拜暂时受挫。但是,它并没有彻底衰落。在喜克索斯王朝时期,塞特崇拜发展至顶峰。喜克索斯人被驱逐出埃及后,塞特遭到埃及人的厌弃。拉美西斯时代,由于国王的出身和战争需要等,塞特崇拜获得了短暂的复兴。第三中间期后,塞特被贬低为恶神,塞特崇拜彻底衰落。塞特跌宕起伏的命运与古代埃及的政治演进密切相关,对古代埃及社会产生了深刻影响。本文主体分为以下四个部分:第一部分,论述塞特崇拜的起源和初兴。塞特的形象最早出现于涅伽达文化I期,稍后,又出现在涅伽达文化II末期的蝎王权标头上,故猜测塞特崇拜产生于涅伽达文化时期,或者更早。在这个时期,塞特被尊为上埃及的保护神,塞特崇拜初步兴盛。第二部分,论述塞特崇拜的兴衰演进过程。首先通过分析塞特谋杀奥西里斯和塞特在与荷鲁斯斗争中的失败这两则神话故事,说明在古代埃及统一后,塞特名誉受损、地位下降,塞特崇拜暂时受挫。然后,阐述第二王朝时期的法老帕里布森崇拜塞特神,采用塞特头衔;喜克索斯王朝时期,塞特成为国家主神。说明塞特崇拜又逐步发展直到鼎盛。最后,论述古代埃及的帝国时期结束后,塞特被贬低为恶神,直至第26王朝时期,塞特从古代埃及的万神殿中消失,塞特崇拜彻底衰落。第三部分,论述塞特的形象、职能和崇拜中心的发展变化。塞特的形象由最初的简单发展到后来的多样化,以及充满外域色彩;塞特的职能逐步增加,除了上埃及的保护神和沙漠之神外,还充当暴风神、太阳船的保护神以及战争之神等职能;塞特的崇拜中心也不再局限于奥姆波斯,除了向上埃及的其他诺姆扩展外,还发展至尼罗河的东北三角洲等地。塞特在这三个方面的发展变化,从侧面反映出塞特崇拜的兴衰演进。第四部分,论述塞特崇拜的影响。古代埃及的政治演进历程不仅烙下了塞特崇拜的深刻印记,古代埃及人的节日、习俗以及价值观念也留下了塞特崇拜的深刻影响。塞特崇拜不仅影响了古代埃及社会,而且还对外域产生影响,促进外域宗教在埃及的传播和发展。
[Abstract]:Seth is an important god in the Pantheon of ancient Egypt, his rise and fall almost began with the whole history of ancient Egypt. During the Negama culture, Seth was the local god of Omm Persia and the patron saint of Upper Egypt. After the reunification of Egypt, Horus became the national god, Seth became the embodiment of the rebels, was expelled to the desert, Seth worship was temporarily frustrated. However, it has not completely declined. During the Heksos dynasty, Seth worship reached its peak. Seth was rejected by the Egyptians after the Sheksos were expelled from Egypt. During Ramses, Seth worship was briefly revived because of the birth of the king and the need for war. After the third intermediate period, Seth was devalued as the evil god, and Seth's worship completely declined. Seth's ups and downs were closely related to the political evolution of ancient Egypt and had a profound impact on ancient Egyptian society. The main body of this paper is divided into the following four parts: the first part discusses the origin and the beginning of Seth worship. Seth's image first appeared in the period I of Negata Culture, and later, it appeared on the head of the scorpion kingship in the late stage of Negama Culture II, so it is speculated that Seth worship originated in the period of Negama Culture, or even earlier. During this period, Seth was revered as the protector of Upper Egypt, and Seth worshipped initially. The second part discusses the evolution of Seth worship. First, by analyzing Seth's murder of Osiris and Seth's defeat in the struggle against Horus, it is shown that after the reunification of ancient Egypt, Seth's reputation was damaged, his status declined, and his worship of Seth was temporarily thwarted. Then, the second dynasty pharaoh Paribusen worshipped the Seth, using the Seth title, Seth became the main god of the state during the Heksos. It shows that Seth worship developed gradually until its peak. Finally, after the end of the imperial period in ancient Egypt, Seth was devalued as the evil god, until the 26th Dynasty, Seth disappeared from the Pantheon of ancient Egypt, and Seth worship completely declined. The third part discusses the development and change of Seth's image, function and worship center. Seth's image grew from simplicity to diversity and exotic colors; Seth's functions grew from being the patron saint of Upper Egypt and the god of the desert to the god of the storm. Sun ship protector and god of war, Seth's worship center is no longer confined to Omm Persia, in addition to the expansion of other Norm up Egypt, but also developed to the northeast delta of the Nile, and so on. The development and change of Seth in these three aspects reflect the rise and fall of Seth's worship. The fourth part discusses the influence of Seth worship. The political evolution of ancient Egypt not only branded the deep impression of Seth worship, but also left a profound influence on the ancient Egyptian festivals, customs and values. Seth worship not only influenced the ancient Egyptian society, but also influenced the foreign lands, and promoted the spread and development of foreign religions in Egypt.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K411.2

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