江户时代武士的进谏与尽忠

发布时间：2018-05-29 22:19

本文选题：武士道 + 士道　；参考：《中山大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 1603年,德川家康在江户建立幕府,结束了战国时代以来的混乱状态。从此,武家阶层取代公卿阶层作为新的统治阶级正式登上了政治舞台。当时,德川政府为了维护这一政权,首先必须克服战国时代的“以下犯上”风潮。为此,对忠的思想的进一步强化变得愈加重要。一直以来,对忠的思想研究中多会强调舍命奉公的尽忠方式。然而在进入和平的江户时代之后,为了适应时代的要求,原本作为武人的武士开始向行政官员转变。在这种社会背景之下,比起为主君舍命奋战,通过进谏辅佐主君处理藩政,变得重要起来。主君与学者大力推崇进谏。而且武士道和士道中也一再强调了进谏的重要性。在武家政权之下形成的武士道作为武士必须遵守的道德律广为人知。在江户时代作为武士道丛书首推的便是《叶隐》。另一方面,由山鹿素行所提出的士道对武士的影响也是不可忽视的。可以说比起《叶隐》推崇的武士道,士道更加符合当时时代的要求。素行试图通过《山鹿语类》向武士传授作为士的生存之道。在强调‘武’的《叶隐》与倡导‘文武兼备’的《山鹿语类》两书中,关于武士的生存方法虽然体现出许多不同的观点,但是在推崇进谏这一点上是一致的。本论文介绍了日本与进谏相关的制度,并将论述的重点置于武士道和士道中所体现的进谏与忠的思想的关系上,分别以《叶隐》和《山鹿语类》作为文本,对其中所体现的进谏和忠的思想进行分析与比较,以阐明尽管武士道与士道中关于进谏和尽忠的思想存在差异,但是都主张进谏要遵循身份等级思想与“和”的思想,并试图通过身分阶级思想与“和”的思想来限制武士在进谏中所体现的自立性,以便能将自立性运用到尽忠之中。本论文致力于通过以上研究进而论述进谏与忠的思想之统一。
[Abstract]:In 1603, Tokugawa Jiakang established a shogunate in Edo, ending the chaos since the warring States period. Since then, the martial class replaced the public-Qing class as a new ruling class on the political stage. At that time, the Tokugawa government in order to maintain this regime, first of all, must overcome the warring States period "the following crime" trend. To this end, the further strengthening of the idea of loyalty has become increasingly important. For a long time, the study of loyalty often emphasizes the loyal way of giving one's life to the public. However, after entering the peaceful Edo era, in order to adapt to the requirements of the times, the samurai, who was originally a martial man, began to change to an administrative officer. In this social background, it became more important to deal with the vassal government by admonishing the lord and assisting him. The Lord and Scholars strongly admonish the admonition. And Bushido and Shi Dao also repeatedly stressed the importance of admonition. Bushido, formed under the Wushu regime, is well known as the moral law that must be observed by samurai. In the Edo era as the first bushido series of books is the "Ye Yin". On the other hand, the influence of the taxiway on the samurai proposed by the mountain deer line can not be ignored. It can be said that compared with the Bushido respected by Ye Yin, Shi Dao is more in line with the requirements of the times. Suk tries to teach samurai the way to live as a monk through the Mountain Deer language. In the two books, Ye Yin, emphasizing Wu, and Shanlu language, which advocates both literature and military, though there are many different views on the survival method of samurai, it is consistent in advocating admonition. This paper introduces the Japanese system related to admonition, and focuses on the relationship between admonition and loyalty embodied in Bushido and Shidao, taking Ye Yin and Mountain Deer as texts, respectively. This paper analyzes and compares the thought of admonition and loyalty embodied in it, in order to clarify that although there are differences in the thought of admonition and loyalty between Bushido and Shi Dao, they all advocate that the remonstrance should follow the thought of identity hierarchy and "harmony". It also tries to limit the samurai's independence in the admonition through the thought of class identity and "harmony", so that it can be applied to loyalty. This thesis is devoted to discussing the unity of admonition and loyalty through the above research.
【学位授予单位】：中山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K313

【参考文献】