1500-1750年圈地运动对英格兰田制变化影响考察

发布时间：2018-05-31 03:04

本文选题：圈地运动 + 田制　；参考：《天津师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文通过1500年-1750年圈地运动的研究,结合15-18世纪英国农业发展领域内的具体史实以及西方著名学者的观点,主要探讨了这一时期田制发生巨大变革的过程。 1500-1750年的早期圈地运动,上承13、14世纪庄园制的解体,下启18世纪议会圈地运动。它既是田制发生转型的原因,同时也是田制发生转型的结果。英国在经历了大约四个世纪的圈地运动之后,成功地完成了一场重大的田制变迁,为英国经济长期繁荣发展奠定了坚实的基础。本文的具体论述结构如下：第一章即文章的绪论。这一章具有综述的性质,在综合分析中西学者对圈地运动认识的基础上,对早期圈地运动进行定义、时间和范围的限定。第二章对16世纪以前的英格兰的田制做了介绍。指出当时各地区的土地保有制和耕作方式的特点,这些导致了在早期圈地运动发生时各地区的反应不同。第三章是本文的重点。论述了中世纪时期普通法对土地保有权的保护,以及圈地运动发生、发展的脉络,进而分析圈地运动中哪些农民你成为了失去土地的主要对象,以尽量还原历史真相。第四章论述了圈地运动引起了土地所有权由分散到统一、由公共到私有、由模糊到明晰的过程,最终初步确立了个人土地私有制。第五章分析了圈地运动后农业的生产技术提高、耕作方式的改进和新的经营方式的出现,这些成为英国农业发展的基础。第六章对比分析了法国从中世纪时期土地保有情况和耕作情况。论述了法国圈地运动的大体概况,分析了法国圈地运动没有大规模推行的原因,进而探讨法国农业落后于英国的原因。第七章总结全文并加以综论。
[Abstract]:Through the study of the enclosure movement from 1500 to 1750, combined with the concrete historical facts in the field of agricultural development in Britain in the 15-18 century and the viewpoints of famous western scholars, this paper mainly discusses the process of the great transformation of the field system in this period. The early enclosure movement in 1500-1750, the disintegration of the manor system in the 1300s, and the 18th century parliamentary enclosure movement. It is not only the reason of the transformation of the farmland system, but also the result of the transformation of the farmland system. After about four centuries of enclosure movement, Britain successfully completed a major change of land system, which laid a solid foundation for the long-term prosperity and development of British economy. The specific structure of this paper is as follows: The first chapter is the introduction of the article. This chapter has the nature of a summary, on the basis of synthetically analyzing the understanding of Chinese and Western scholars to the enclosure movement, the definition, time and scope of the early circle movement are limited. The second chapter introduces the fields of England before the 16 th century. It is pointed out that the characteristics of land tenure and farming practices in different regions at that time resulted in different responses in different regions during the early stage of the enclosure movement. The third chapter is the focus of this paper. This paper discusses the protection of land tenure by the common law in the Middle Ages, and the context of the occurrence and development of the enclosure movement, and then analyzes which peasants have become the main objects of losing their land in the enclosure movement, in order to restore the historical truth as far as possible. The fourth chapter discusses the process of land ownership from decentralization to unification, from public to private, from ambiguity to clarity, and finally establishes the private ownership of individual land. The fifth chapter analyzes the improvement of agricultural production technology, the improvement of farming methods and the emergence of new management methods after the enclosure movement, which become the basis of agricultural development in Britain. Chapter six contrasts and analyses the land tenure and cultivation in France since the Middle Ages. This paper discusses the general situation of the French enclosure movement, analyzes the reasons why the French enclosure movement has not been carried out on a large scale, and then probes into the reasons why French agriculture lags behind Britain. The seventh chapter summarizes the full text and gives a comprehensive discussion.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K561.3

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