本土与殖民的冲突与共生：1498-1964年斯瓦希里文化在坦桑尼亚的发展

发布时间：2018-06-02 02:19

本文选题：斯瓦希里文化 + 斯瓦希里语　；参考：《北京外国语大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：斯瓦希里文化是东非沿海地区的斯瓦希里人所创造的一种多元复合型文化,它起源于公元1世纪的东非沿海,在发展的过程中吸收、融合了阿拉伯、波斯、印度等外来文化,形成了一种独具特色的开放型、复合型文化。进入16世纪以后,殖民主义的入侵使得斯瓦希里文化发生了种种转型与变迁。斯瓦希里文化的发展开始卷入到与西方文化的接触、冲撞的旋流中,在一种与外来文化发生复杂的相互作用的环境中发展和演变。总的来看,近代外来的西方文化力量呈不断增强、影响日益重要的趋势。来自西方文化的扩张冲击,成为影响近代斯瓦希里文化变迁进程和走向的一个关键性因素。在面对西方文化的扩张和冲击时,非洲人民所能做出的回应显得被动无力,斯瓦希里文化因而陷入了漫长的衰竭、变迁、转型的历史进程。本文以时间为线索,循着斯瓦希里文化的发展和殖民主义的推进这两个同时进行、互相交织的历史进程,考察斯瓦希里文化与殖民主义带来的外来文明的冲突与共生。绪论部分主要介绍了论文涉及的相关概念和地域范围的界定；斯瓦希里文化史相关研究评述；论文的选题意义、主要内容和研究方法。正文分为五个章节进行论述。第一章论述了16世纪以前斯瓦希里文化起源与形成的历史,并对相关争议问题进行梳理,在此基础之上总结出斯瓦希里文化的特性。第二章论述了葡萄牙入侵东非对斯瓦希里文化的影响。葡萄牙人毁灭性的侵略行为改变了斯瓦希里地区统一融合的趋势,导致斯瓦希里文化发生了灾难性的衰竭。葡萄牙入侵后的相当长的时期内,斯瓦希里文化的发展极其缓慢艰难。第三章论述了阿曼阿拉伯人统治时期,斯瓦希里文化的发展。18世纪以后,阿曼阿拉伯人开始以桑给巴尔为中心,控制了东非沿海地区和印度洋贸易。桑给巴尔作为斯瓦希里文化的核心地区在阿曼人的统治之下,迅速发展繁荣起来。这一时期,阿拉伯文化与斯瓦希里文化又发生了进一步的交往与融合,同时新的西方殖民国家也加紧了在东非地区的殖民渗透,对斯瓦希里文化的影响日趋明显。第四章论述了德国统治坦噶尼喀时期斯瓦希里文化的发展。德国人的统治并未对斯瓦希里文化的发展产生毁灭性的影响,相反德国人在全领地范围内大力推广斯瓦希里语,使得斯瓦希里文化在内陆人民心目中的威望进一步提高。与此同时,德国统治者,包括先前进入东非的欧洲传教士一直致力于斯瓦希里语去伊斯兰化的工作,使得斯瓦希里文化与伊斯兰教的关系逐渐发生变化。第五章叙述了英国人统治坦桑尼亚时期斯瓦希里文化的发展与转型。这一时期,斯瓦希里文化转型的重要标志就是标准斯瓦希里语的诞生。语言的变迁和转型使坦桑尼亚各族人民的传统文化、生活方式和观念形态,都发生了空前剧烈的变革。斯瓦希里文化的转型过程是一个复杂的、充满矛盾的历史过程。一方面它包含着历史发展的合理性和进步性,包含着斯瓦希里文化走向现代社会、走向现代文明的发展性质,另一方面,包含着传统的文化遗产的损失,包含着对人类精神文明多样性和丰富性的破坏。尽管如此,斯瓦希里文化仍然在维系社会团结、推进民族一体化等方面,具有广泛而重要的意义和作用。因此,斯瓦希里文化才能在坦桑尼亚人民反抗殖民主义、争取民族独立的斗争中发挥着不可估量的作用。通过对斯瓦希里文化历史发展的回顾和梳理,我们最终得出结论：斯瓦希里文化之所以能够在坦桑尼亚现代国家民族建构的过程中发挥着不可替代的重要作用,成为坦桑尼亚国民特性中不可或缺的一部分,是斯瓦希里文化历史发展和延续的结果,而并非仅仅依靠现代国家政治权力的强制推动。
[Abstract]:In the beginning of the 16th century , the development of the cultural development of the West has become a key factor affecting the process and development of the cultural changes in the modern city .

The introduction part mainly introduces the definition of relevant concept and geographical scope involved in the thesis .
A review of the study of the cultural history of Swashiri ;
The thesis ' s choice of topic meaning , main content and research method .

The first chapter discusses the history of the origin and formation of the cultural origin and formation in the past 16 ~ ( th ) century .

Chapter 2 discusses the influence of Portugal ' s invasion of East Africa on the culture of Svahiri . The destructive aggression of the Portuguese has changed the tendency of the integration of the Swari region , which has resulted in a disastrous failure in the Swashiri culture . During the relatively long period after the invasion of Portugal , the development of the Swashiri culture is extremely slow and difficult .

The third chapter discusses the development of the culture in the period of Oman Arabs . After the 18th century , the Arabs began to control the East African coastal areas and the Indian Ocean .

Chapter Four discusses the development of the Swarian culture in Germany ' s reign in Tanganyika . The German rule does not have a devastating effect on the development of Swari culture . In the meantime , German rulers , including European missionaries who have previously entered East Africa , have been committed to the work of Islamization in Swainiti , making the relations between the culture of Kiswahiri and Islam gradually changing .

The fifth chapter describes the development and transformation of the cultural development of the English people during the reign of the United Republic of Tanzania . In this period , the important symbol of the transformation of the cultural transformation in the Republic of the United Republic of Tanzania is the birth of the standard Swari culture . The transformation process of the culture of Swashiri is a complicated and contradictory historical process . On the other hand , the cultural transformation process of the Republic of Tanzania is a complex and contradictory historical process . On the other hand , the cultural transformation process of the Republic of Tanzania is a complex and contradictory historical process . On the other hand , the Swailian culture has a broad and important significance and role in the struggle against colonialism and national independence in the United Republic of Tanzania .

Through the review and analysis of the development of the cultural and historical development in Svalhiri , we conclude that the cultural reason of Swahiri can play an irreplaceable role in the process of the national construction of the modern nation in Tanzania . It is an indispensable part of the national identity of Tanzania , and it is the result of the development and continuation of the cultural history of the Republic of the United Republic of Tanzania , rather than relying solely on the coercion of the political power of the modern State .
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K425

【参考文献】