大正政变的缘起及其影响

发布时间：2018-06-03 01:53

本文选题：大正政变 + 护宪运动　；参考：《东北师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 1912年的东亚是动荡不安的一年。对中国是如此,对日本亦是如此。在中国,辛亥革命的洪流造就了中华民国的诞生;在日本,大正政变的冲击结束了原本稳定的桂园体制,开启了大正时代新的历史时期。在激荡的1912年诞生的中华民国,极大地改变了中国的历史进程,结束了中国历时两个千年的封建时代。然而,辛亥革命却导致中国的局势更趋复杂化。鉴于中国形势的变化,日本国内的各种政治势力再一次展开了激烈的角逐。西园寺内阁面对中国革命的迅猛发展所采取的观望态度,激起了军部的极大不满。增师问题的再次提出,拉开了军部企图推翻内阁政府的序幕。1912年12月5日,第二次西园寺内阁——明治时代的最后一任内阁——在军部的压力下,被迫辞职。21日,军阀巨头、宫内大臣、陆军大将桂太郎第三次登台组阁。军部的蛮横以及对宪政的恣意破坏,激起了民众的愤怒和不满,从而爆发了“第一次护宪运动”。“打倒阀族、维护宪政”的蓬勃开展终于迫使桂内阁集体辞职,此即是大正政变。第一次护宪运动开创了自1885年实行内阁制度以来民众倒阁的首次记录,掀起了大正民主运动的初澜。对日本而言,大正政变决不仅仅是一次政局变动,更为重要的是,它对日本的政治体制,尤其是对政党政治产生了深远的影响。政党在政治斗争中终于摆脱了官民同调的历史轨道,开始在政治抗争中崭露头角,并进而执掌了内阁。本文的第一部分论述日本国内对辛亥革命的态度,分别论述了日本政府和军部对待辛亥革命的不同做法。第二部分则集中论述大正政变前后日本国内重重矛盾,以及由此所导致的大正政变的结果。第三部分则概述了大正政变对日本国内政治走势所带来的影响。
[Abstract]:East Asia in 1912 was a tumultuous year. This is true for China as well as for Japan. In China, the flood of the 1911 Revolution created the birth of the Republic of China; in Japan, the attack of the Taisho coup ended the original stable Gui Garden system and opened a new historical period of the Dazheng era. The Republic of China, which was born in 1912, greatly changed the course of China's history and ended the feudal period of two thousand years. However, the Revolution of 1911 has complicated the situation in China. In view of the changing situation in China, political forces in Japan have once again engaged in fierce competition. The Xiyuan Temple Cabinet's wait-and-see attitude in the face of the rapid development of the Chinese revolution has aroused great dissatisfaction from the military. The reintroduction of the issue of increasing the division opened the prelude of the military ministry's attempt to overthrow the cabinet government. On December 5, 1912, the second cabinet of Xiyuan Temple, the last cabinet of the Meiji era, was forced to resign under the pressure of the military headquarters. On the 21st, the warlord magnate was forced to resign. Miyagi Minister, the Army General Guitarang the third time on the stage to form a cabinet. The military's insolence and wanton destruction of constitutionalism aroused public anger and discontent, and the "first constitutional movement" broke out. The vigorous development of "Down with the feudal clan and safeguard the constitutionalism" finally forced the Guangxi cabinet to resign collectively, which was the Dazheng coup d'茅 tat. The first constitutional movement set off the first record of the overthrow of the cabinet system since the implementation of the cabinet system in 1885, and set off the initial wave of the Dazheng Democratic Movement. For Japan, Taisho coup is not only a political change, more importantly, it has a profound influence on Japanese political system, especially on party politics. In the political struggle, the political party finally got rid of the historical track of the government and the people, began to emerge in the political struggle, and then took over the cabinet. The first part of this paper discusses the attitude of the Japanese government to the 1911 Revolution, and discusses the different approaches of the Japanese government and the military department to the 1911 Revolution. The second part focuses on the contradictions before and after Taisho coup and the result of Taisho coup. The third part summarizes the influence of Taisho coup on Japan's domestic political trend.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K313

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