论勃兰特的外交思想

发布时间：2018-06-05 03:15

本文选题：勃兰特 + 西欧联合　；参考：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：勃兰特的外交思想是为了适应国际政治、经济局势变化和发展的需要而提出的,关于加强与西方联盟和改善与东欧国家关系的思想。本文通过国际环境的变化、联邦德国社会民主党的外交纲领的演变来剖析勃兰特外交思想形成的外部因素;通过对勃兰特人生经历的论述来解析勃兰特外交思想形成的内部因素;并在此基础上阐释了勃兰特外交思想的主要内容,以此揭示勃兰特外交思想的本质。 20世纪60年代国际关系格局发生了重大变化,东、西方的关系进入了一个新的阶段——缓和逐渐取代了对抗,并逐步成为这一时期的主题。在此期间,美苏关系也发生了变化。美国由于深陷越南战争泥潭,巨额的军费开支以及贸易逆差使其自顾不暇;苏联利用此机会,逐渐缩小了与美国的差距,使得美苏实力处于一种相对均衡状态,从而形成了缓和的局面。而此时,随着欧洲一体化进程的开展和经济快速发展,西欧国家迫切要求改变被保护国的地位,谋求独立自主。为此,以法国总统戴高乐为首的欧洲政治家对美国的欧洲政策提出了挑战,勃兰特的外交思想就是在这一有利的国际环境中孕育而成的。联邦德国社会民主党的对外政策,论述了社会民主党历史演变的过程,以及对外政策的转变及其原因,并指出政党政策在勃兰特外交思想的形成中起着重要的作用。勃兰特个人的人生经历对勃兰特外交思想的形成产生了重要的影响。勃兰特的国外经历,使其能够认清国际局势和欧洲局势以及德国的走向。他与各国社会民主党人并肩战斗,并建立了深厚的友谊。这为其以后发展与各国之间的友好关系奠定了基础。1947年勃兰特出任西柏林市长,由于西柏林的特殊地位,使其能够与各国领导人经常会晤和交谈。这为他了解各国对于国际局势的看法尤其对德国问题的看法提供了便利,同时,也使他学习和积累了丰富的外交经验。而外交部长职位为他实施独立的外交政策提供了广阔的舞台。在西欧联合过程中,德法关系是西欧联合思想的核心,没有德法的密切合作,欧洲一体化运动就无法开展。正是基于这种认识,勃兰特上台后积极缓解与法国的矛盾,重启法德关系。在欧洲一体化深化和发展上,勃兰特以海牙大会为契机,积极推动一体化的发展,先后建立了经济与货币联盟、欧洲理事会,并在外交方面尝试合作,以便推动欧洲一体化的深化。在积极推动一体化深化的同时,也积极推进欧洲一体化的扩大,在其努力下英国、丹麦等国先后加入共同体。在德美关系上,从安全角度强调美国对联邦德国的重要性,并十分重视北大西洋公约组织的作用。在东方政策思想中,缓和局势对新东方政策思想形成的产生了重要影响。在此基础上,他提出了“以接近求改变”的思想和“一个民族两个国家事实上承认的思想,”并对其内容进行了阐释,这一思想的提出解决了两个德国与德国统一的问题。
[Abstract]:Brandt's diplomatic thought was put forward in order to adapt to international politics, the change of economic situation and the need for development. The idea of strengthening the relationship with the Western alliance and improving the Eastern European countries. This article analyses the exterior of Brandt's diplomatic thought through the change of the international environment and the evolution of the diplomatic programme of the Social Democratic Party of the Federal Republic of Germany. By discussing the internal factors of the formation of Brandt's diplomatic thought through the exposition of Brandt's life experience, the main contents of Brandt's diplomatic thought are explained on this basis, so as to reveal the essence of Brandt's diplomatic thought.
In the 1960s, the pattern of international relations changed greatly, and the relationship between the East and the West entered a new stage - the transition gradually replaced the confrontation and gradually became the theme of this period. During this period, the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union had changed. With this opportunity, the Soviet Union took advantage of this opportunity to narrow the gap with the United States, making the strength of the United States and the Soviet Union in a relatively balanced state, thus forming a relaxed situation. At this time, with the development of the European integration process and the rapid economic development, the western European countries urgently demanded to change the status of the protected countries and seek independence. The European statesman headed by the French President De Gaulle challenged the European policy of the United States. Brandt's diplomatic thought was conceived in this favorable international environment. The foreign policy of the Social Democratic Party of the Federal Republic of Germany discussed the historical evolution of the Social Democratic Party, as well as the changes in foreign policy and its reasons. Party policy plays an important role in the formation of Brandt's diplomatic thoughts.
Brandt's personal experience has an important influence on the formation of Brandt's diplomatic thoughts. Brandt's experience abroad enables him to recognize the international situation, the situation in Europe and the trend of Germany. He fought shoulder to shoulder with the Social Democrats of various countries and established a profound friendship. This is the friendly customs between the future development and the countries. The Department laid the foundation of Brandt, the mayor of West Berlin, to be the mayor of West Berlin. Because of the special status of West Berlin, he was able to meet and talk with the leaders of various countries. This provided him with the convenience of understanding the views of various countries on the international situation, especially on the German question. At the same time, he also made him learn and accumulate rich diplomatic experience. The ministerial position provided a broad stage for his independent foreign policy.
In the joint process of Western Europe, the relationship between Germany and France is the core of the Western European Union thought. Without the close cooperation between Germany and France, the European integration movement can not be carried out. It is based on this understanding that Brandt actively alleviated the contradiction with France and restarted the relations between France and Germany after taking power. In the deepening and development of European integration, Brandt took the opportunity of the Hague Congress as a turning point, Actively promoting the development of integration, we have established the economic and monetary union, the European Council, and tried to cooperate in the diplomatic field in order to promote the deepening of European integration. While actively promoting the deepening of integration, it also actively promoted the expansion of European integration. Under its efforts, Britain, Denmark and other countries have joined the community successively. In relation to it, the importance of the United States to the Federal Republic of Germany was emphasized from a security point of view and the role of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was attached great importance. In the Eastern policy thought, the relaxation of the situation had an important influence on the formation of the New Oriental policy. On this basis, he proposed the idea of "to be close to change" and "a nation of two countries." In fact, the thought of recognition "and its contents are explained. This idea has solved the problem of two German and German reunification.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712.5

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