巴黎公社的民主试验及其当代意义

发布时间：2018-06-06 00:48

本文选题：巴黎公社 + 民主试验　；参考：《中南大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：二十世纪七十年代末以来,随着经济全球化的发展,世界范围内掀起了民主化的浪潮,西方的一些学者将其称之为第三次民主化浪潮。这股浪潮甚至冲击到世界上最封闭、最不可能发生变革、最被人遗忘的地方,如缅甸、蒙古、尼泊尔、甚至阿尔巴尼亚。在人类历史上,从来没有这么多的国家在期盼、建设和实践着民主政治。民主政治作为人类主流文明的象征,成为当今世界各国政治现代化的主要目标。西方国家更是以西方民主制的“完美”而自炫,声称西方民主的价值观在世界各地都极有魅力,东欧剧变、苏联解体后,他们更加鼓吹西方民主是不可战胜的。因此,正在进行中的民主化浪潮既是一次对中国特色社会主义民主政治建设的巨大挑战,同时,也为中国特色社会主义民主政治的发展带来了机遇。孙中山先生曾说,世界潮流,浩浩荡荡,顺之者昌,逆之者亡。中国社会主义民主政治的发展既要顺应世界民主潮流,又要保持自己的特色与优势；既要不断汲取各国民主发展中有益的文明成果,又要从中国的实际出发、不机械照搬别国的民主模式,用更加科学的方式,积极努力地建设社会主义民主政治。因此,我们需要科学的理论指导,需要借鉴社会主义民主建设的有益经验。而经过实践反复证明了的科学理论就是马克思主义理论,值得借鉴的社会主义民主经验就是马克思发现的巴黎公社民主经验。但我们不禁要沉思,历史和社会的大环境都截然不同于今天的巴黎公社,它的民主价值和制度与我们今天的时代是否还有契合?它所追求的民主精神是否符合我们时代的脉搏?对于今天的社会主义民主政治建设还有什么样的价值?本文试从巴黎公社民主试验的思想资源入手,探究巴黎公社民主试验的实践逻辑,总结巴黎公社民主的成功经验和失败教训,回顾社会主义国家对巴黎公社民主经验的借鉴和发展,站在当代视角下重新审视巴黎公社民主的意义。由此得出的结论是：巴黎公社的民主试验虽然是无产阶级对社会主义民主的早期探索,但这些探索已经揭示了社会主义民主的本质内容。它以无产阶级民主权利的落实为根本,以人民当家作主为根基,以实现人的全面自由为最终目标,将民主这一人的基本生存范式植根于现实的批判与理想社会的建构过程中,为人的全面自由发展的实现开辟了无限广阔的前景。在新的历史背景下重新审视巴黎公社的民主试验,对我们今天的民主政治建设具有重要的价值意义、理论意义和现实意义。
[Abstract]:Since the late 1970s, with the development of economic globalization, there has been a wave of democratization in the world, which some western scholars call the third wave of democratization. The wave has even hit the world's most closed, least likely, and most forgotten places, such as Burma, Mongolia, Nepal, and even Albania. Never in human history have so many countries been expecting, building and practicing democracy. As the symbol of human mainstream civilization, democratic politics has become the main goal of political modernization in the world. Western countries are more proud of the "perfection" of Western democracy, claiming that the values of Western democracy are very attractive all over the world. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, they preach that Western democracy is invincible. Therefore, the ongoing wave of democratization is not only a great challenge to the construction of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, but also an opportunity for the development of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics. Mr Sun Zhongshan once said that the world's tide, the mighty, the prosperity of the vicissitudes, the death of the adverse. The development of China's socialist democratic politics should not only conform to the trend of democracy in the world, but also maintain its own characteristics and advantages. We should not mechanically copy the democratic model of other countries and work hard to build socialist democratic politics in a more scientific way. Therefore, we need scientific theoretical guidance, need to learn from the beneficial experience of socialist democratic construction. The scientific theory proved repeatedly by practice is Marxist theory, and the experience of socialist democracy worthy of reference is the democratic experience of Paris Commune discovered by Marx. But we cannot help pondering that the great environment of history and society is very different from the Paris Commune today. Does its democratic values and institutions fit in with our times? Is the democratic spirit it pursues in keeping with the pulse of our times? What is the value to the construction of socialist democracy today? Starting with the ideological resources of the Paris Commune's democratic experiment, this paper probes into the practical logic of the Paris Commune's democratic experiment, sums up the successful experience and the failure lessons of the Paris Commune's democracy. This paper reviews the reference and development of socialist countries to the democratic experience of the Paris Commune, and examines the significance of Paris Commune democracy from the contemporary perspective. The conclusion is that although the democratic experiment of the Paris Commune was an early exploration of socialist democracy by the proletariat, these explorations have revealed the essential content of socialist democracy. It takes the realization of proletarian democratic rights as its foundation, the people as its master, and the realization of its overall freedom as its ultimate goal. It takes democracy, as the basic survival paradigm of human beings, to be rooted in the process of realistic criticism and the construction of an ideal society. For the realization of all-round and free development of human beings opened up an infinite and broad prospect. To re-examine the democratic experiment of the Paris Commune under the new historical background is of great value, theoretical and practical significance to our democratic political construction today.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D756.5;K565

【参考文献】