英国和日本在中国（1925—1931年）

发布时间：2018-06-14 09:27

本文选题：中国 + 英国　；参考：《首都师范大学》2001年博士论文

【摘要】： 第一次世界大战改变了英国和日本在远东特别是中国的实力对比，，英国力量逐渐衰落，而日本却借“天佑之机”发展壮大了在远东的力量，并取得独占中国的优越地位。由于英日因实力对比发生变化而带来的摩擦日益增加，因此在战争结束后，它们重新确立了各自对远东和中国的政策。与此同时，在中国国内，民族解放运动日益高涨，猛烈冲击着英日的在华殖民权益。在这种情况下，从维护各自的殖民权益和镇压中国革命出发，英日在华展开了既合作又争夺的拉锯战。本文试图以 1925—1931年中国民族解放运动的高涨为背景，通过对上述历史过程的描述及分析，探讨20年代英日的在华关系，揭示两国关系发展变化的实质。本文共分六章：第一章：第一次世界大战后英国和日本远东政策的确立第一次世界大战后，英国实力逐渐衰落，日本国力迅速增强，两国在远东展开争夺。在华盛顿会议召开前后，它们开始调整在远东的政策，英国对日本实施既遏制又安抚的政策，对中国继续执行帝国主义政策，但是同时呈现外交撤退趋势；而日本则展开了“协调外交” 和对华“不干涉”外交，实质上呈现出外交进攻趋势。第二章：“五卅运动”中的英国和日本日本和英国共同制造了“五卅惨案”，惨案发生后，全中国掀起声势浩大的反帝特别是反英运动。日本通过实施双重政策，较早地从反帝运动中脱了身，并考虑如何进一步在华进行经济侵略。英国对日本的行为极为不满，但是，陷于孤立的困境使它不得不开始考虑有限地调整对华政策。第三章：英国和日本对中国关税问题的政策1925年10月—1926年7月，关税特别会议在北京召开。关税特别会议召开之前，英日两国对中国关税问题已经形成比较明确的政策，相比较，在某种程度上，英国对中国做出了一定让步。关税特别会议召开期间，英日不仅对中国的提议百般阻挠，而且它们之间矛盾重重，并因此展开激烈争斗，结果导致会议没有达成决议，无果而终。一直到1930年初中国关税问题才得到初步解决。第四章：英国和日本与北伐（一）1926年7月开始的北伐数月之间已经推进到英国的势力范围——长江流域。在这种形势下，英国发表“圣诞节备忘录”，并同意归还汉口、九江英租界，企图以放弃次要利益的怀柔政策确保在华主要利益。但＠是，这种怀柔政策并没有放弃武力的后盾，英国实际上实行的是双重外交。在这一阶段，日本拒绝与英国合作，并再一次利用英国的困境巩固和扩张在华利益。第五章：英国和日本与北伐（二）日本的强硬派再次抬头，他们抛弃“协调外 L－．．＿．。＿．＿……．＿＿．．＿．．、。－…．、－＿，＿－＿＿… 交”，转而执行“积极”的对华政策，最终酿成“济南惨案”。日本的暴行引起中国抵制日货运动的发展，于是，日本寻求与英国合作对付中国，为自身利益计，英国拒绝了它的要求。但是，日本的扩张政策仍然继续发展，它企图通过暗杀张作霖达到阻挠中国统一的目的，但是遭到了失败。第六章：英国与日本发动“九·一八”事变在世界经济的影响下，日本强硬派在日益膨胀的独占中国的野心驱使下，最终完全放弃了“协调外交’＼借着各国忙于应付经济危机之机，公然发动侵略中国的“九·一八”事变。此时，英国陷入重重的国内危机中，再加上它在远东防御力量的虚弱，这使得英国虽然声称维护远东现状，却不得不对日本的扩张趋势持漠然态度。
[Abstract]:The First World War changed the strength of Britain and Japan in the Far East , especially in China , and the British forces each

However , Japan has grown its power in the Far East by using the " God - God Machine " , and has gained the best of China

The higher the friction is due to changes in the strength of Britain and Japan ,

They re - established their respective policies for Far East and China . At the same time , in China , the national liberation movement

In this case , from the maintenance of their own colonial powers ,

From the point of view of the Chinese revolution , Britain and Japan have begun a battle of fighting and fighting in China . This article attempts to

On the background of the high rise of the Chinese national liberation movement in 1925 - 1931 , the description and the division of the above - mentioned historical process are adopted .

The article probes into the relationship between China and Japan in the 1920s and reveals the essence of the development of bilateral relations .

This article is divided into six chapters :

Chapter I : After the First World War , after the First World War , the British and Japanese Far East Policy established the First World War ,

Britain ' s strength has gradually declined , Japan ' s national power is rapidly increasing , and the two countries are competing in the Far East .

Back and forth , they began to adjust policies in the Far East , Britain ' s policy of containment and pacification in Japan , to China

Continue with the imperialist policy , but at the same time present the trend of diplomatic retreat ;
And Japan expanded the " coordination diplomacy "

And the diplomacy of " non - intervention " in China is essentially the trend of diplomatic attack .

Chapter 2 : The Great Britain and Japan in May 30 Movement and the United Kingdom have jointly produced the May 30th .

In the aftermath of the tragedy , China has launched a huge anti - imperialist , especially anti - British campaign , and Japan has adopted a double policy .

Earlier , he took off from the anti - imperialist movement and considered how to further economic aggression in China . Britain ' s contribution to Japan

The behavior is extremely discontented , but the plight of isolation makes it necessary to start thinking about the limited adjustment of China ' s policy .

Chapter 3 : The Policy of Britain and Japan on China ' s Tariff Issue , Oct . 1925 - July 1926 ,

The special session on duty was held in Beijing . Prior to the special session of the Customs Tariff Commission , the two countries had shaped the tariff issue in China

To a certain extent , Britain has made a concession to China in a way that is more explicit .

During the meeting , the British Day not only blocked China ' s proposal , but also the contradiction between them was heavy .

This fierce struggle led to the failure of the meeting to reach a resolution , and to the end of the year . By the beginning of 1930 , China

The problem of tariffs was first resolved .

Chapter Four : The Great Britain and Japan and Northern ( I ) have been advanced between the Northern and Northern Dynasties , which began in July 1926 .

Britain ' s sphere of influence _ the Yangtze River valley . In this situation , Britain published the Christmas Memorandum , and

It is intended to return the Hankou , Jijiang - British Concession and attempt to ensure the main interests of China in the interests of giving up the secondary interests .

In fact , this policy does not give up the backing of force , and Britain actually carries out double diplomacy .

At this stage , Japan refused to cooperate with Britain and once again took advantage of Britain ' s dilemma to consolidate and expand its interests in China .

Chapter V : Britain and Japan and North America ( II ) Japan ' s hardliners again look up , they abandoned " coordination " L - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In turn , the " positive " policy towards China will eventually lead to the " Jinan tragedy " , which is caused by the atrocities in Japan .

Japan has resisted the development of Japanese goods , and Japan has sought to cooperate with the United Kingdom in dealing with China ,

The country has rejected its request . But Japan ' s expansion policy has continued to develop , and it is trying to get through the assassination of Zhang Zulin

To achieve the goal of blocking China ' s reunification , it has been defeated .

Chapter 6 : Britain and Japan launch the " Nine 路 One - eight " Incident under the influence of the world economy , Japan is tough

Driven by the increasing ambition of China , the school finally gave up the " coordination diplomacy " . In response to the economic crisis , the " 9 路 18 " Incident of aggression against China has been launched in flagrant violation . At this time , Britain is caught in

In the midst of a heavy domestic crisis , coupled with its weakness in the Far East defence force , Britain has claimed that it is far from being maintained

In the east , it has to be indifferent to Japan ' s expansion trend .
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：K561.45;K313.45;K263

【引证文献】