中国援越抗法的苏联因素

发布时间：2018-06-14 17:51

本文选题：中国 + 援越抗法　；参考：《山西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：援越抗法是新中国成立初期进行的第一次对外军事援助。这一行动单从字面上理解是中国帮助越南抗击法国殖民者的侵略,从这个意义上说,中国在整个行动中发挥的作用是主要的。然而,在冷战两极对抗的国际背景之下,这次军事援助又不单单是中国一国的事,必然受到美苏两国因素的影响。美国因素最明显的一点就是美国通过直接向法国提供军事援助的方式,从而介入其中。而相比之下,冷战的另一主角苏联则是以一种隐性的方式参与其中。它表面上并未介入,因为它并没有直接向越南提供援助,因而人们往往认为苏联在这场战争中起到的作用并不明显。其实不然,苏联只是在一开始没有通过上述显性的方式参与其中,而是以一种隐性的方式在整个进程中发挥着一定的作用,这是这场战争所不能忽视的一个重要的外部因素。苏联所发挥的隐性作用表现在,在中国援越抗法的缘起阶段,斯大林在刘少奇秘密访苏期间提出革命分工的建议,由中国承担起领导亚洲地区革命运动的任务,直接推动了中国领导人作出援越抗法的决策。在具体实施的过程中,中国也征求了苏联的意见,用组建军事顾问团而不是直接出兵的方式来提供援助,以避免授美国以口实。此外,斯大林去世后苏联执行的和平外交政策也从客观上推动了中国在对待印度支那问题上态度的转变,从积极地援助变为积极地促和。苏联在这一政策的指导下,积极促成了柏林外长会议的召开,并就中国参加之后在日内瓦举行的五国外长会议同美英法达成了协议。在会议进行过程中,在每一项议案讨论之前,苏联代表都要多次和中越代表进行磋商,并在发言中支持中越两国,在会议陷入僵局之际,苏联代表积极斡旋,促使各方最后达成了关于在印度支那三国停火的协议。苏联的作用贯穿始终,成为印度支那问题解决的一个重要因素。
[Abstract]:The aid to Vietnam was the first foreign military aid in the initial period of the founding of New China. In that sense, China played a major role in helping Vietnam fight the invasion of French colonists. However, in the international context of the bipolar confrontation of the cold war, this military aid is not only a matter of China, but is bound to be influenced by the factors of the United States and the Soviet Union. The most obvious aspect of the American factor is that the United States is involved by providing direct military assistance to France. By contrast, the Soviet Union, another protagonist of the Cold War, took part in it in an implicit way. It did not appear to be involved because it did not provide aid directly to Vietnam, so the Soviet Union's role in the war was often viewed as less obvious. In fact, the Soviet Union did not participate in the process in the above explicit way at first, but played a certain role in the whole process in a recessive way, which is an important external factor which can not be ignored in this war. The recessive role played by the Soviet Union was manifested in the fact that, during Liu Shaoqi's secret visit to the Soviet Union, Stalin proposed a revolutionary division of labor during the period of China's aid to Vietnam to resist the laws, and China assumed the task of leading the revolutionary movement in Asia. It directly pushed Chinese leaders to make the decision to help Vietnam resist the law. In the course of its implementation, China also sought the advice of the Soviet Union to provide assistance by forming a military advisory group rather than sending troops directly, in order to avoid giving the United States lip service. In addition, the peaceful foreign policy carried out by the Soviet Union after Stalin's death also objectively promoted the change of China's attitude towards Indochina, from active aid to positive peace promotion. Under the guidance of this policy, the Soviet Union actively facilitated the convening of the Berlin Foreign Ministers' Conference and reached an agreement with the United States, Britain and France on the meeting of the foreign ministers of the five countries to be held in Geneva after China's participation. During the course of the meeting, before each motion was discussed, the representatives of the Soviet Union held consultations with the representatives of China and Vietnam many times and supported the two countries in their speeches. During the deadlock in the meeting, the representatives of the Soviet Union actively mediated. Finally, the parties reached an agreement on a ceasefire in the Indochina three countries. The role of the Soviet Union ran through all the time and became an important factor in solving the Indochina problem.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K153

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