19世纪英法土地财产权利的变化

发布时间：2018-06-19 17:25

本文选题：土地财产权利 + 自耕农　；参考：《天津师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文旨在研究近代以来尤其是在19世纪英国土地财产权利的变化,兼论法国土地产权的情况,以求在比较中发现英国在现代化过程中土地权利及发展的趋势和特点。文章绪论简要概述了本文的选题意义、研究方法。并且通过介绍国内外史学家对英法土地所有权、产权结构、圈地运动、公用权等与本文相关的重点问题的学术史回顾,介绍了本文参考的部分文章及著作。本文第一章回顾了17世纪末到18世纪中后期英法土地所有权及土地所有者的变化。不论英国还是法国在这一时期现代的土地所有权观念在国家法律中并没有真正得到确立,但是在实际生活中一部分土地却已应成为私有财产。在这一时期的英国大土地所有者通过改变土地经营方式逐步消除习惯佃农使得土地财产权利进一步向个人私有发展,而法国这一方面的发展却步履维艰。第二章是本文的重点,解释了在19世纪土地私有权利如何在英法确立。在英国公用权是土地成为私有财产的最后一道屏障。经过圈地运动土地上的权利逐渐明晰,英国完成了土地的私有化过程。在法国,大革命时期和拿破仑时期制定的一系列法律保护了土地所有者的私有财产,首先以法律形式将土地私有确立了下来,但是在实际当中部分土地上公用权仍然存在。第三章讨论土地财产权利主体,及土地所有者的变化。由于英法土地私有化过程和进程的不同,两国在土地所有者的变化上产生了不同的结果。英国在19世纪以大地产为特点,大量土地为极少数所有者所有,而法国小土地所有者的数量依然十分巨大。结语部分对文章进行了概括。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study the changes of land property rights in England since modern times, especially in the 19th century, and to discuss the situation of land property rights in France, in order to find out the trend and characteristics of land rights and their development in Britain in the process of modernization. The introduction briefly summarizes the significance and research methods of this paper. Through the introduction of the academic history of the key issues related to this article, such as land ownership, property structure, enclosure, public rights and so on, some articles and works referred to in this paper are introduced by the historians at home and abroad. The first chapter reviews the changes of land ownership and landowners in England and France from the end of the 17th century to the middle and late of the 18th century. The modern concept of land ownership in both England and France was not really established in national law, but in real life part of the land should have become private property. In this period, the landowners in England gradually eliminated the habit of sharecroppers by changing the way of land management, which led to the further development of land and property rights to private individuals, but the development of this aspect of France was difficult. The second chapter is the focus of this paper, explaining how private land rights were established in England and France in the 19 th century. In Britain, public ownership is the last barrier for land to become private property. Through the gradual clarification of the rights on the land of the enclosure movement, Britain completed the privatization of the land. In France, a series of laws made during the Revolution and Napoleon protected the private property of the landowners. First, the private ownership of the land was established by law, but in practice some public rights still existed on the land. The third chapter discusses the subject of land property right and the change of land owner. Because of the different processes and processes of land privatization in Britain and France, the two countries have different results in the change of landowners. Britain was characterised by large real estate in the 19th century, with a large amount of land owned by a very small number of owners, while the number of small French landowners remained enormous. The conclusion part summarizes the article.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K561;K565;F301

【参考文献】