伊拉斯谟的基督教人文主义及其影响

发布时间：2018-06-27 03:47

本文选题：伊拉斯谟 + 基督教人文主义　；参考：《湘潭大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：文艺复兴运动14世纪中叶在意大利兴起,16世纪中叶陡然衰落,这期间由于欧洲相似经济结构的发展,它从南方扩散到北方。一时间,文学、艺术、哲学、科学等新兴领域蓬勃发展,在古典复兴的名头下,个人主义、怀疑主义、世俗主义的思潮遍及整个欧洲。“文艺复兴运动在意大利是一场华丽而富贵的文艺繁荣,发展到北方则是一场质朴而深刻的思想革命”①鹿特丹的伊拉斯谟对这场质朴而深刻的思想革命的发展功不可没:他是文艺复兴时期伟大的思想家,基督教人文主义运动的领袖人物。他在将人文主义的治学方法用于圣经的研究上,做出了巨大贡献,在西方文化发展史上有着思想先驱的地位。文艺复兴发展到北方时,与宗教改革运动混缠在一起,伊拉斯谟则在共同兄弟会的宗教与人文主义教育中成长。这期间,教会的腐败,人文主义者的普遍生活理想都刺激着伊拉斯谟,令其产生了改良教会的愿望。伊拉斯谟希望通过教会内部自上而下的改革,从教会回到基督,从外在仪式回到内心感知,创造有知虔诚的基督教社会,重建基督教的社会道德基础。他扩大了上帝的概念,宣扬宽厚、和谐、和平,因此与路德和莫尔不同,他既不赞成暴力手段的宗教改革也无法向腐败的天主教妥协,然而,他的选择为改革派与保守派所不容而被排斥,他本人的影响也随文艺复兴运动的衰落而在他的时代没落。伊拉斯谟的人文主义宗教理想在他的时代只能成为空想。这是时代背景下,希腊文化、拉丁文化衰落与非基督教文化迅速发展不相混容而缺乏古典精神与基督精神相结合的母体,及其人文主义者的角色,拉丁文的贵族、精英化三方面共同作用的结果。而且,伊拉斯谟并没有领会到教会的道德困境,纯粹的要求重返基督,呼吁人性和平,所以说,伊拉斯谟编织了一个“古老而遥远的梦”。然而伊拉斯谟孜孜不倦的为基督劳作,他的回归基督、回归圣经的新思想影响了宗教改革家;他理想的人文主义基督教中扩大了的上帝,扩大了的基督教文化令其成为近代启蒙运动的思想先驱;他的宽容、和平的主张,已被赋予了现代意义。伊拉斯谟的虔诚、博学、善思、勤奋,给后世留下了丰厚的财产,他在西方思想史上的巨大贡献将被我们铭记。
[Abstract]:The Renaissance rose in Italy in the middle of the 14th century and declined sharply in the middle of the 16th century, during which time it spread from the South to the North due to the development of similar economic structures in Europe. For a time, literature, art, philosophy, science and other emerging fields flourished, under the name of the classical revival, individualism, skepticism, secularism throughout Europe. "the Renaissance was a magnificent and rich literary prosperity in Italy. To the north was a simple and profound ideological revolution. "1 Erasmus of Rotterdam contributed to the development of this simple and profound ideological revolution: he was a great thinker of the Renaissance. The leader of the Christian humanism movement. He has made great contributions to the study of the Bible by applying the humanistic method to the study of the Bible and has been a pioneer in the history of western culture. When the Renaissance developed to the north, it was intertwined with the Reformation Movement, while Erasmus grew up in the common Brotherhood's education of religion and humanism. During this period, the corruption of the church and the universal life ideal of humanists stimulated Erasmus and made him desire to improve the church. Erasmus hopes that through the top-down reform within the church, from church to Christ, from external ritual to inner perception, to create a Christian society with knowledge and piety, and to rebuild the social moral foundation of Christianity. He expanded the concept of God, preaching generosity, harmony, and peace, so unlike Luther and Moore, he could neither embrace violent religious reform nor compromise with corrupt Catholicism, however, His choices were rejected by reformers and conservatives, and his own influence declined in his time with the decline of the Renaissance. Erasmus's humanism and religious ideal could only be utopian in his time. This is the background of the times, Greek culture, the decline of Latin culture and the rapid development of non-Christian culture is not compatible with the lack of classical spirit and the spirit of Christ, and the role of humanists, Latin aristocrats, The result of the combination of the three aspects of excellence. Moreover, Erasmus did not understand the moral dilemma of the church, pure demand to return to Christ, call for human peace, so Erasmus woven a "ancient and distant dream." But Erasmus worked tirelessly for Christ, and his return to Christ, his return to the Bible, influenced the religious reformers; the expanded God of his ideal humanist Christianity, The expanded Christian culture has made it a pioneer of modern enlightenment, and his ideas of tolerance and peace have been given modern significance. Erasmus's piety, erudite, thoughtfulness, diligence, left a wealth of wealth to future generations, his great contribution to the history of Western thought will be remembered.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K516

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