十九世纪以来的英国青年工作

发布时间：2018-07-01 13:52

本文选题：社会 + 英国　；参考：《湖南科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：十九世纪,伴随着英国工业化和城市化的进程,大量的农民进入城市,成为劳工阶级。劳工阶级的子女们面临新的生存环境,由于贫困和缺乏教育,很容易成为问题少年,而导致劳工的贫困状况代际传承。在这种情况下,为了帮助青年人顺利度过难关,健康的成长,在十九世纪后期,英国青年工作诞生了。虽然早期的青年工作存在着种种局限性,但是为后来青年工作的进展打下了坚实的基础。到二十世纪上半叶,英国青年工作发展到鼎盛时期,出现了影响力巨大的童子军运动。而二战之后,由于社会的变化和政府的不当干预,青年工作开始走下坡路,撒切尔时代的英国政府更是削减了对青年工作的投入。但是在政府的干预退潮之后,民间志愿性组织的积极性反而得到了充分的发挥,九十年代,在新工党上台之后,英国青年工作形成了以民间志愿组织为主要力量,政府干预为辅的格局。经过一百多年的发展,英国青年工作在帮助和支持青少年,为青少年代言方面取得了重大的成就,但是在很多领域如少数族裔青年工作方面也存在着很多不足。在回顾了英国青年工作的发展历程之后,我们可以看出,青年工作不仅与青年人本身有关系,也是和整个社会的发展和需要是有关系的,英国青年工作最早是在工业革命带来了诸多社会问题的基础上产生的,随着英国社会的变迁,英国青年工作也随之变化革新,在不同的时代以适应当时的社会需要。此外,英国的青年工作有着十分重视民间青年组织的志愿性和青年人的积极参与的,并且具有强调青年人的道德教化的特点。英国青年工作在历史上发展较快的阶段,都是在民间青年组织积极发挥作用,尊重青年人的积极性,重视青年人的需求的基础上建立起来的,这也是如今英国青年工作仍然保持着相当的生命力的重要原因。当然,民间志愿性组织存在着其自身的局限性,政府的过多干预会削减志愿性组织的积极性,但政府在志愿性组织难以发挥作用的方面也应当积极采取措施,换言之,政府和民间青年组织在青年工作上应该形成某种平衡,这是我们回顾英国青年工作历史的重要结论。
[Abstract]:In the nineteenth century, along with the process of industrialization and urbanization in England, a large number of farmers entered the city and became a working class. The children of the working class are faced with a new living environment, and because of poverty and lack of education, they can easily become problem teenagers, leading to the transmission of labor poverty from generation to generation. In this case, in order to help young people through the difficulties, healthy growth, in the late nineteenth century, British youth work was born. Although the early youth work had various limitations, it laid a solid foundation for the later development of youth work. By the first half of the twentieth century, youth work in England had grown to its peak, and there was an influential scout movement. After World War II, due to social changes and improper government intervention, youth work began to decline, the Thatcher era of the British government to reduce the investment in youth work. However, after the government's intervention has receded, the enthusiasm of non-governmental voluntary organizations has been brought into full play. In the 1990s, after the New Labour Party came to power, British youth work formed a major force with non-governmental voluntary organizations as the main force. The pattern of government intervention as a supplement. After more than one hundred years of development, British youth work has made great achievements in helping and supporting young people and advocating for young people. However, there are many shortcomings in many fields, such as minority youth work. After reviewing the development of youth work in Britain, we can see that youth work is not only related to young people themselves, but also to the development and needs of society as a whole. British youth work was first produced on the basis of many social problems brought about by the industrial revolution. With the change of the British society, the British youth work also changed and innovated in different times to meet the needs of the society at that time. In addition, the youth work in Britain has the characteristics of attaching great importance to the voluntary nature of civil youth organizations and the active participation of young people, and emphasizing the moral education of young people. The rapid development of youth work in Britain has been established on the basis of the active role played by non-governmental youth organizations, respect for the initiative of young people and attention to the needs of young people. This is also an important reason why British youth work still remains quite alive. Of course, non-governmental voluntary organizations have their own limitations, too much government intervention will reduce the enthusiasm of voluntary organizations, but the government should also actively take measures in the areas where voluntary organizations are difficult to play their role, in other words, The government and civil youth organizations should strike a balance in the work of young people, which is an important conclusion in reviewing the history of youth work in Britain.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K561.4

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