19-20世纪的俄国自由主义的研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 09:30

本文选题：俄国 + 自由主义　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 自由主义是近代欧洲社会的一种主要思想流派,而俄国自由主义则是在西方自由主义浪潮的冲击下产生和发展起来的,具有不同于欧洲的特点。俄国自由主义在其发展的过程中出现了许多的类型和派别。18世纪初彼得一世的欧化改革客观上为西方自由主义的传入和发展提供了良好的环境与温床。在叶卡捷琳娜二世和亚历山大一世时期,俄国首先出现了政府自由主义。19世纪30—40年代,斯拉夫派和西方派展开了大讨论,使俄国知识分子活跃了起来,到1861年的大改革前期,自由主义派别正式形成。1905年革命后俄国立宪民主党的成立,使自由主义开始以党派的形式出现。1918年1月,立宪会议被解散,标志着俄国自由主义的衰落。苏联成立以后,对思想文化严格管制,使自由主义进入了一个短暂的低潮期。但是,随着苏联个人崇拜的逐渐解除,特别是苏共二十大以后,苏联出现了持不同政见者运动,这是俄国自由主义复活的一种表现,成为苏联最终解体的一个因素。苏联解体后,自由主义进入了一个短暂的复兴期,但是它并不能担当起改造国家的重任,于是最终走向衰落。
[Abstract]:Liberalism is a main school of thought in modern European society, while Russian liberalism is produced and developed under the impact of western liberalism, which is different from Europe. In the process of development of Russian liberalism, many types and schools appeared. Peter I's Europeanization reform in the early 18th century provided a good environment and hotbed for the introduction and development of western liberalism. During the periods of Yekaterina II and Alexander I, Russian government liberalism first appeared. In the 1930s and 1940s, the Slavic school and the Western faction launched a great discussion, which made the Russian intellectuals active. The establishment of the Russian Constitutional Democratic Party after the 1905 Revolution made liberalism appear in the form of a party. In January 1918, the Constituent Assembly was dissolved, marking the decline of Russian liberalism. After the founding of the Soviet Union, the ideological and cultural strict control, so that liberalism entered a short period of depression. However, with the gradual dissolution of the personality cult in the Soviet Union, especially after the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the dissident movement appeared in the Soviet Union, which was a manifestation of the revival of Russian liberalism and became a factor in the eventual disintegration of the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, liberalism entered a short period of revival, but it could not take on the task of reforming the country, so it finally declined.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K512.4

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