鲁尔危机与德法关系研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 16:56

本文选题：赔款问题 + 德法关系　；参考：《华中师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 一战后,欧洲国际关系格局发生了剧变,德法两国力量对比也发生了新的变化,德国战败,法国再次成为欧陆霸主。在巴黎和会上,法国主张严厉制裁德国,提出了肢解德国的计划,由于遭到英美的反对,只实现了其中的部分目标。为了获得进一步的安全保障,法国将筹码放在尚未解决的德国赔款问题上。极其复杂的赔款问题是鲁尔危机的导火线。战后初期,德法之间是一种对抗性的关系,悬而未决的赔款问题就成为两国斗争的焦点。法国力求获取最大数额的赔款以制裁德国并用于战后重建;德国利用英法的分歧,力图修改《凡尔赛和约》,希望削减赔款总额,并以财政困难为由,要求延期偿付赔款。德法两国在赔款问题上的矛盾不断升级,最终酿成了1923年的鲁尔危机,法比出兵占领了鲁尔。鲁尔危机给两国造成了严重的后果。德国采取“消极抵抗”政策,法国继续实行强硬政策,德法对抗达到顶点。德国出现严重的政治、经济和社会危机,法国也出现严重的财政危机,在国际社会日益陷入孤立,德法两国开始重新审视两国之间的关系,对抗无益于问题的解决,只有和解才是出路。德国无法继续承受消极抵抗导致的恶果,施特莱斯曼政府率先放弃了消极抵抗政策,结束了鲁尔斗争。在英美的强大压力和国内财政危机影响下,法国也接受了国际调解,接受了道威斯计划。最终,德法两国又重回谈判桌,迈出了和解的步伐,在一定程度上,鲁尔危机是两国走向和解的起点。
[Abstract]:After World War I, the pattern of international relations in Europe changed dramatically, and the balance of power between Germany and France also changed. At the Paris Peace Conference, France advocated severe sanctions against Germany and proposed a plan to dismember Germany. In order to secure further security, France has placed its chips on the unresolved German indemnity issue. The extremely complex issue of reparations was the trigger of the Ruhr crisis. In the early postwar period, Germany and France had a confrontational relationship, and the outstanding issue of reparations became the focus of the struggle between the two countries. France sought maximum reparations to sanction Germany for post-war reconstruction; Germany took advantage of the differences between Britain and France to amend the Treaty of Versailles, hoping to cut the total amount of compensation and to demand a deferral on the grounds of financial difficulties. The conflict between Germany and France on the issue of reparations escalated and eventually led to the Ruhr crisis in 1923, France sent troops to occupy Ruhr. The Ruhr crisis had serious consequences for both countries. Germany adopted "passive resistance" policy, France continued to implement a tough policy, Germany-France confrontation reached its climax. Germany has a serious political, economic and social crisis, and France has a serious financial crisis. As the international community is increasingly isolated, Germany and France begin to re-examine the relations between the two countries, and confrontation is not conducive to the solution of the problem. Reconciliation is the only way out. Germany can not continue to bear the consequences of negative resistance, the Stellesman government abandoned the policy of passive resistance, the end of the Ruhr struggle. Under the strong pressure of Britain and the United States and the influence of the domestic financial crisis, France also accepted the international mediation and the Dawes plan. In the end, Germany and France returned to the negotiating table and took steps towards reconciliation. To some extent, the Ruhr crisis was the starting point for the two countries to reach reconciliation.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K516.43;K565.42

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