十九世纪美国犹太慈善的男性化特征

发布时间：2018-07-11 11:22

本文选题：美国慈善 + 美国犹太慈善　；参考：《四川外语学院》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国犹太慈善事业一直都在美国犹太人生活中扮演着非常重要的角色。传统慈善事业被看作是女性固有的特质,美国人也有这同样的观点。然而在十九世纪犹太慈善事业出现了一个非常特殊的现象:男性化特征。尽管一些国内外专家和学者对美国犹太慈善事业做了不少的研究，但很少有学者对十九世纪美国犹太慈善出现的男性化特征进行较为系统的研究。所以本文旨在弥补这一点以揭示美国犹太慈善事业的男性化特征。本文将集中讨论犹太慈善的男性化特征及它的主要原因。本论文首先简要介绍了美国慈善以及美国犹太慈善，分析了女性在其中所扮演的角色，并且详细解释了男性化的含义。由于反犹太主义在欧洲非常严重，十九世纪大量的犹太人从欧洲移民到美国。美国的反犹太思想不严重，犹太人很快就融入了美国的主流文化中，犹太人的身份认同也慢慢变得淡薄，这导致整个民族凝聚力的下降。随着美国犹太人传统生活结构的分解，慈善成了犹太人在美国现代身份认同的一个特征。美国犹太人认为慈善是他们实现传统犹太宗教的一种途径，他们认为慈善也是犹太人的一种特性。然而犹太人认为慈善是他们的一种特性这样的一个观点与当时美国人对慈善的性别角色这一观点发生了冲突。犹太男性试图通过将犹太慈善进一步系统化和高效化的方式加强他们的男性特征以及犹太人的身份认同。作者详细分析了美国犹太慈善出现男性化特征的原因及表现形式。从中表明男性化特征主要是为了加强犹太人的身份认同，以不至于被美国主流文化所同化。作者还通过一个案例分析阐述了犹太慈善机构的男性化过程级结果。通过上述分析和解释，，作者相信犹太人能够在美国大环境中保持自己固有的特性，而非融入美国主流文化是有其根源的。
[Abstract]:Jewish philanthropy in the United States has always played a very important role in American Jewish life. Traditional philanthropy is seen as an inherent feature of women, and Americans share the same view. However, a very special phenomenon appeared in Jewish philanthropy in the 19 th century: masculinity. Although some domestic and foreign experts and scholars have done a lot of research on American Jewish philanthropy, few scholars have systematically studied the masculine characteristics of American Jewish charity in the 19th century. The purpose of this paper is to make up for this in order to reveal the masculine character of American Jewish philanthropy. This paper focuses on the masculine character of Jewish charity and its main reasons. Firstly, this thesis briefly introduces American charity and American Jewish charity, analyzes the role of women, and explains the meaning of masculine in detail. Because anti-Semitism was so serious in Europe, large numbers of Jews emigrated from Europe to the United States in the 19 th century. The anti-Semitism in the United States is not serious, the Jews soon melt into the mainstream culture of the United States, and the identity of the Jews gradually becomes weak, which leads to the decline of the whole national cohesion. With the decomposition of the traditional life structure of American Jews, charity has become a characteristic of the modern identity of Jews in the United States. American Jews regard charity as a way to achieve their traditional Jewish religion, and they think charity is also a characteristic of Jews. However, the Jewish view that charity is one of their characteristics conflicts with the American view of the gender role of charity at that time. Jewish men try to strengthen their masculinity and Jewish identity by systematizing and improving Jewish philanthropy. The author analyzes in detail the causes and manifestations of the masculine character of American Jewish charity. It shows that the masculine character is mainly to strengthen the Jewish identity so as not to be assimilated by the mainstream American culture. The author also illustrates the masculine process-level results of Jewish charities through a case study. Through the above analysis and explanation, the author believes that Jews can maintain their inherent characteristics in the American environment, rather than being integrated into the mainstream culture of the United States.
【学位授予单位】：四川外语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K712

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